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Reconstruction of the paleo-shoreline of South China Sea 0.54 million years ago suggests the Baiyun landslide generated waves of around 18 meters in height and highlights the importance of shoreline reconstructions for paleo-tsunami modelling
Aerosol absorption is a dominant source of uncertainty in simulations of precipitation change due to anthropogenic activities over the historical era, according to an evaluation of emergent constraints in CMIP6 simulations.
Nanolite crystallisation increases bulk viscosity in mafic to intermediate magmas but other mechanisms are required to promote explosive eruptions, according to an experimental study using natural samples.
Optimal thermal analogs for marine species could be located in areas very far from their current locations in the future, posing a significant challenge for species to reach them, according to model predictions from 11 CMIP6 models.
Controlling warming to below 1.5 °C instead of 2 °C could reduce the costs of infrastructure damage from permafrost degradation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by $1.32 billion, according to statistical and machine learning-based model projections
In situ observations, reanalyses, and global mean surface temperature records constrain global mean total precipitable water projections to 7% per °C, which further supports substantial intensification of the water cycle due to global warming.
The magnitude of extreme rainfall events is likely to increase in the future to a greater extent for the most extreme events than for the common extremes, according to 25 CMIP6 model predictions.
False injections in wildfire plume rise simulations are partly due to the assumed radiant fraction of heat flux being 0.5–25 times higher than observations, according to an evaluation of a common plume rise parameterization against aircraft observations during the 2019 Western US wildfires.
Temporal clustering of rainfall events was the dominant driver of flooding at Lake Como between 1980 and 2020, according to an analysis of historical and meteorological data on past flooding events which highlights the importance of compound mechanisms
Fine aerosols strongly reduce cloud drop size and suppress rainfall from marine warm clouds, whereas coarse sea spray has an opposite and independent effect of comparable magnitude, according to an analysis of satellite spectrometer and radar observations.
Soil organic carbon pools in productive tropical and temperate forests are more labile than those in drier colder ecosystems where mineral-protected organic carbon dominates, according to analyses of 16 long-term chronosequences from six continents.
Detection of material preserved in a mineralized fracture likely indicate microbial remains and dubiofossils and suggests serpentinizing environments can preserve morphological evidence of rock-hosted microbial life, according to analyses of drill core samples from the Samail Ophiolite in Oman.
SDG 6.3 targets to half the proportion of untreated wastewater discharged to the environment by 2030 will substantially improve water quality globally, but a high-resolution surface water quality model suggests key thresholds will still not be met in regions with limited existing wastewater treatment.
Observation-based trajectories of sealevel rise along the US coastline by 2050 are close to or above high-end model-based projections, according to analyses that take in satellite altimeter as well as tide gauge data.
Imagery of wildfire destruction elicits more negative emotions and – among those most at risk from wildfire – reduces risk information seeking behavior, according to online and field experiments with homeowners in the western USA.
Increases in demersal species with higher temperature preferences in commercial catches landed in Brazil indicate tropicalization of demersal megafauna in the western South Atlantic since 2013, according to species composition and biomass analysis of 29,021 catches between 2000 and 2019.
A large moraine system extends along the continental slope of Baffin Island, Canada, according to swath bathymetry and acoustic profiler data, which suggests that an ice shelf of 500 m thickness covered Baffin Bay during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Dense non-aqueous phase liquids are transported more than 650 m from the release location and have persisted for more than three decades in an aquifer in South Carolina, according to an in situ field study monitoring contaminant transport in groundwater.
Crustal degassing of 4He from fault zones occurs throughout the seismic cycle which suggests variations in this flux could be a valuable seismic monitoring tool, according to an analysis of He flux calculations and seismic data from the Irpinia Fault Zone, Italy.
Reduction in key air pollutants, especially particulate carbon, can help mitigate Arctic warming with associated benefits for global climate and human health, according to Earth system model simulations under future emissions scenarios.