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Soil texture governs chemical responses of soils to water stress while environmental conditions and disturbance history influence microbial community responses in incubations of soil cores from Alaska, Florida and Washington, USA.
The northern Barents Sea contained seasonal sea ice between 11.7 and 9.1 thousand years ago, even during the warmer-than-present Holocene Thermal Maximum and despite warm Atlantic Water inflow, according to biomarker and benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records.
Exogenous events in Japan had lasting impacts on the energy mix and on CO2 emissions at the national and regional levels. The 2008 financial crisis mainly affected the economy, whereas the 2011 earthquake influenced energy structure, though the actual impacts vary between regions.
A drying trend in East Africa between 200,000 and 60,000 year ago was followed by cycles of high millennial to centennial climate variability, and may have influenced the dispersal of human populations, suggests a multi-proxy palaeoclimate record from Chew Bahir, Ethiopia.
Giant kelp forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean are inadequately represented in marine protected areas, which increases their vulnerability to marine heatwaves, according to a 35-year satellite image time series.
Mid-latitude sea surface temperatures during the Campanian greenhouse period 78 million years ago were warmer and more seasonal than thought, suggests a reconstruction at monthly timescales based on individual oyster and rudist shells.
Coral reefs may become net dissolving rather than growing by the middle of this century, as indicated by key drivers of coral reef calcification which have been identified through a global meta-analysis.
Diel patterns can greatly impact total stream carbon dioxide emissions, with 39% greater carbon dioxide flux during the night-time relative to the day-time, according to a study of 34 streams across Europe.
Cubanite and chalcopyrite identified in regolith grains returned from the Itokawa asteroid by the Hayabusa mission likely represent part of an exogenous mineral assemblage with a carbonaceous chondrite or cometary origin
Shocked apatite and merrillite in lunar norites from the Apollo 17 Station 8 record impact events around 4.2 and 0.5 billion years ago, the former of which could represent the formation age of the Serenitatis Basin, according to U-Pb and Pb-Pb dating.
Repeating earthquakes display variable behaviour across distinct portions of the Pernicana fault system, Mt. Etna, indicating structural differences and episodic triggering, according to a 20 year earthquake dataset, and GPS ground deformation measurements.
The long-term mean northern Atlantic Overturning Circulation is substantially influenced by horizontal circulation across sloping density surfaces, suggest analyses of high-resolution climate model simulations constrained by observed hydrographic climatology.
The global occurrence of harmful algal bloom events is not increasing uniformly over time and the increase in recorded events is due to enhanced coastal monitoring and aquaculture, according to an analysis of a 33-year global dataset.
Future changes in non-growing season conditions, particularly irradiance and temperature, will enhance carbon emissions from a northern peatland, according to projections with a data-driven machine learning model.
Cenozoic signatures of life in calcite and pyrite deposits suggest deep biosphere activity throughout the Fennoscandian Shield, as revealed by isotopic, molecular and morphological analyses of mineral specimens.
Small-scale soil hydraulic properties can be accounted for in large-scale hydrologic and climate models by incorporating vegetation influences on soil structure, informed by global-scale vegetation metrics and soil texture data
Late Cenozoic variation in Central Asian hydroclimate resulted from the interaction between mid-latitude westerlies and the Siberian high-pressure system and may have driven terrestrial feedbacks, according to analyses of sediments from Charyn Canyon, Kazakhstan.
In several of the Arctic ocean basins, the period of open water without sea-ice cover will lengthen by more than 90 days under 2 oC of global warming, suggest analyses of the latest (CMIP6) climate model simulations.
Exceptionally well preserved soft-bodied organisms could have been transported tens of kilometers by flows in the Burgess Shale and may not necessarily represent in-life communities, according to field observations and flume experiments on polychaetes.
Transition to cleaner fuels and improved pollution control will reduce atmospheric inputs of selenium and sulfur to agricultural soils, which increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies, according to atmospheric chemistry model projections.