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A phased Vanilla planifolia genome enables genetic improvement of flavour and production

Nature Food volume 1, pages 811–819 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

The global supply of vanilla extract is primarily sourced from the cured beans of the tropical orchid species Vanilla planifolia. Vanilla plants were collected from Mesoamerica, clonally propagated and globally distributed as part of the early spice trade. Today, the global food and beverage industry depends on descendants of these original plants that have not generally benefited from genetic improvement. As a result, vanilla growers and processors struggle to meet global demand for vanilla extract and are challenged by inefficient and unsustainable production practices. Here, we report a chromosome-scale, phased V. planifolia genome, which reveals sequence variants for genes that may impact the vanillin pathway and therefore influence bean quality. Resequencing of related vanilla species, including the minor commercial species Vanilla × tahitensis, identified genes that could impact productivity and post-harvest losses through pod dehiscence, flower anatomy and disease resistance. The vanilla genome reported in this study may enable accelerated breeding of vanilla to improve high-value traits.

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Fig. 1: The vanilla plant, flowers and beans.
Fig. 2: A chromosome-level, fully phased genome was assembled for V. planifolia cultivar Daphna.
Fig. 3: Phylogenetic tree of Vanilla and other selected taxa.
Fig. 4: Karyotype of the vanilla genome illustrating the pan-orchid αO genome duplication.
Fig. 5: V. planifolia cultivar Daphna comparative genomics analyses.
Fig. 6: Principal component analysis plot from resequencing of accessions in this study and from previously reported GBS data.
Fig. 7: The proposed vanillin biosynthesis pathway, with new insights from the Daphna genome.

Data availability

Publicly available datasets were reanalysed using the complete Daphna genome and included SRX286672 (unspecified V. planifolia accession)33, data from Daphna (PRJNA253813; ref. 29) and GBS data from PRJNA507246 (ref. 18). This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DNA Data Bank of Japan/European Nucleotide Archive/GenBank under the accession JADCNL000000000. New assemblies and sequences generated as part of this study can be found on the National Center for Biotechnology Information website under BioProject IDs PRJNA633886 (for haplotype A; genomic short reads for Guy 1 (SRR12628847), Painter (SRR12628845), Hawaii (SRR12628846), Daphna (SRR12628848), King (SRR12628844), Haapape (SRR12628843) and Sheila (SRR12628842), as well as genomic ONT long reads for Daphna (SRR12628849)) and PRJNA668740 (for haplotype B).

Code availability

All of the software and coding used in this study is publicly available.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this research was provided by Elo Life Systems and by funds provided to A.H.C. from the University of Florida Dean for Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Elo Life Systems, Durham, NC, USA

    Tomas Hasing, Fayaz Khazi & Tengfang Huang

  2. Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

    Haibao Tang

  3. Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA

    Maria Brym & Alan H. Chambers

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  1. Tomas Hasing
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  4. Fayaz Khazi
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Contributions

F.K., T. Huang and A.H.C. conceived of the project, designed the work and interpreted the data. M.B., H.T. and T. Hasing contributed to data acquisition, analysis and interpretation. All authors wrote, revised and approved the final manuscript and have agreed to be personally accountable for the accuracy and integrity of this work.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tengfang Huang or Alan H. Chambers.

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary methods, notes, Tables 1–9, 11 and 12, and Figs. 1–8.

Supplementary Table 10

1,458 gene pairs derived from WGD events previously inferred as an orchid-wide WGD event from structural comparison of V. planifolia haplotype A versus itself.

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Hasing, T., Tang, H., Brym, M. et al. A phased Vanilla planifolia genome enables genetic improvement of flavour and production. Nat Food 1, 811–819 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00197-2

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