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  • Review Article
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Light–matter interactions in quantum nanophotonic devices

Nature Reviews Physics volume 6, pages 166–179 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Nanophotonics offers opportunities for engineering and exploiting the quantum properties of light by integrating quantum emitters into nanostructures, and offering reliable paths to quantum technology applications such as sources of quantum light or new quantum simulators, among many others. In this Review, we discuss common nanophotonic platforms for studying light–matter interactions, explaining their strengths and experimental state-of-the-art. Each platform works at a different interaction regime: from standard cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) setups to unique quantum nanophotonic devices, such as chiral and non-chiral waveguide QED experiments. When several quantum emitters are integrated into nanophotonic systems, collective interactions emerge, enabling miniaturized, versatile and fast-operating quantum devices. We conclude with a perspective on the near-term opportunities offered by nanophotonics in the context of quantum technologies.

Key points

  • Nanophotonics is the field that studies how to control the properties of light at the nanoscale.

  • It began in the late 1980s with the discovery of photonic crystals, followed by subsequent waves that harnessed metals and metamaterials to engineer unique photon flows at the (semi)classical level.

  • Current experimental efforts aim at integrating these setups with natural and artificial atoms to control the light properties at the quantum level.

  • Apart from reducing the mode volume of light and thus enhancing light–matter interactions, nanophotonic setups allow the exploration of new regimes that exploit non-trivial energy dispersions and polarization patterns.

  • Quantum nanophotonics creates unique opportunities to develop a new generation of miniaturized, versatile and fast-operating quantum technologies.

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Fig. 1: Schematic representation of emitters integrated with a nanophotonic structure (not to scale).
Fig. 2: Nanophotonics cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) realizations and experimental signatures.
Fig. 3: Nanophotonic waveguide QED realizations and experimental signatures.
Fig. 4: Chiral quantum optics in waveguide QED.
Fig. 5: Collective effects in the dissipative regime.

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Acknowledgements

A.G.-T., J.J.G.-R. and F.J.G.-V acknowledge support from the Proyecto Sinérgico CAM 2020 Y2020/TCS-6545 (NanoQuCo-CM). A.G.-T. and J.J.G.-R. acknowledge support from the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI) Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+) and from Spanish projects PID2021-127968NB-I00. A.G.-T. also acknowledges the project TED2021-130552B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER UE and MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, respectively, and the support from a 2022 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA. A.R. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via the project RE 3967/1 and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) via the grant agreements no. 13N15907 and 16KISQ046. F.J.G.-V. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation-Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) through grants PID2021-125894NB-I00 and CEX2018-000805-M and by the Comunidad de Madrid and the Spanish State through the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan (“MATERIALES DISRUPTIVOS BIDIMENSIONALES (2D)” (MAD2D-CM)-UAM7), and the European Union through the Next Generation EU funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain

    Alejandro González-Tudela & Juan José García-Ripoll

  2. Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Garching, Germany

    Andreas Reiserer

  3. Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Francisco J. García-Vidal

  4. Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore

    Francisco J. García-Vidal

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  4. Francisco J. García-Vidal
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González-Tudela, A., Reiserer, A., García-Ripoll, J.J. et al. Light–matter interactions in quantum nanophotonic devices. Nat Rev Phys 6, 166–179 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-023-00681-1

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