Fuel cells with acid-doped membranes must avoid liquid water and humid gas streams to prevent leaching of acid, and so are limited to operating above 120 °C, complicating start-up. Now, microporous membranes offer a chance to confine the acid to their pores, allowing start-up without pre-heating, higher performance and perhaps even extended lifetime.
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Henkensmeier, D. Extending operational range. Nat Energy 7, 128–129 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-00982-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-00982-2