The main barriers for intracellular receptors to sense circulating pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is how these PAMPs enter the cells. A study reveals that extracellular vesicles (EVs) bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via the lipid bilayer and mediates LPS intracellular transfer in a CD14-dependent endocytosis to activate noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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Huang, Y., Zhou, R. Cytosolic transfer of circulating LPS by EVs. Nat Cell Biol 25, 1729–1731 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01283-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01283-w