Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45374-0, published online 08 February 2024

In this article, the y-axis labels for Fig. 8b, d and Supplementary Figs. 30, 31, and 32b were wrongly labeled as “Potential (V vs Li/Li+)” but should have been “Cell voltage (V)”; the figures should have appeared as shown below. Besides, the caption for Fig. 4b–d was incorrectly given as “Electron localized function and Eint between the LixSi (Li15Si4, Li12Si7, and LiSi) alloys and major SEI components (LiF, Li2O and Li2CO3), the color differences indicate the Eint value (from 0.0 to 1.0) with the scale bar shown on the left” but should have been “Electron localized function and Eint between the LixSi (Li15Si4, Li12Si7, and LiSi) alloys and major SEI components (LiF, Li2O and Li2CO3) with the scale bar (from 0.0 to 1.0) shown on the left.”

The original article has been corrected.