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Association between anthropometric indices and 5-year hypertension incidence in the general Japanese population

Hypertension Research volume 47, pages 867–876 (2024)Cite this article

Abstract

No existing reports demonstrate the association between anthropometric indices (body mass index, waist circumference, body roundness index, a body shape index) and hypertension according to sex and age in the general Japanese population. This retrospective analysis involved individuals aged 30–69 years who underwent annual medical checkups at Kagoshima Koseiren Hospital in 2005–2019, and who did not meet hypertension criteria at baseline. The outcome was hypertension incidence after 5 years, and its association with baseline anthropometric indices was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis by sex and age. In 41,902 participants (age 52.3 ± 10.2 years, 47.7% men), 7622 individuals (18.2%) developed hypertension after 5 years. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body roundness index were significantly associated with the development of hypertension in both men and women across all age categories from 30 s to 60 s. In the population with a body mass index <25 kg/m2, waist circumference and body roundness index were significantly associated with hypertension after 5 years. A body shape index was significantly associated with the development of hypertension in men in their 40 s and 50 s but not in women of any age group. The area under the curve values were lower for a body shape index than for body mass index, waist circumference, and body roundness index in both men and women of all age groups. A body shape index was not a stronger indicator for 5-year hypertension incidence than body mass index, waist circumference, or body roundness index in both men and women across age groups from their 30s–60 s. The results of this study will help to more efficiently identify populations at high risk of developing hypertension and provide preventive interventions.

A total of 41,902 participants from health checkup programs were stratified by gender and age to investigate the association between baseline anthropometric indices and hypertension incidence over a 5-year period. BMI, WC, and BRI were almost equally effective and showed a better association with risk of developing hypertension in women and young adults compared to men and old adults. Conversely, ABSI showed no greater association than BMI or WC in any age group in both men and women. ABSI, a body shape index; AUC, area under the curve from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; BMI, body mass index; BRI, body roundness index; WC, waist circumference.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the medical staff at Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital for their support in data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

    Shin Kawasoe, Takuro Kubozono, Anwar Ahmed Salim, Satoko Ojima, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Ikeda & Mitsuru Ohishi

  2. Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan

    Hironori Miyahara & Koichi Tokushige

  3. School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

    Masaaki Miyata

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  1. Shin Kawasoe
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Correspondence to Takuro Kubozono.

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Kawasoe, S., Kubozono, T., Salim, A.A. et al. Association between anthropometric indices and 5-year hypertension incidence in the general Japanese population. Hypertens Res 47, 867–876 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-023-01505-6

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