Abstract
The effect of preexisting hypertension on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis remains controversial. Additionally, no studies have compared the association between blood pressure (BP) indices on admission and COVID-19 outcomes using preexisting hypertension status. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between preexisting hypertension and COVID-19 outcomes in Japanese patients with COVID-19 and assess the impact of BP indices on admission on clinical outcomes in patients with and without preexisting hypertension. Preexisting hypertension presence was confirmed based on the patient’s clinical history. Critical outcomes were defined as high-flow oxygen use, non-invasive and invasive positive-pressure ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death during hospitalization. Preexisting hypertension was observed in 64.6% of the patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of severe COVID-19 risk factors indicated that preexisting hypertension was independently associated with critical outcomes [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.73]. Low or high BP and high pulse pressure on admission were associated with critical outcomes in patients without preexisting hypertension [OR for systolic BP < 100 mmHg: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.21–3.75; OR for high BP stage 2 (160–179 systolic and/or 100–109 mmHg diastolic BP): 2.13, 95% CI: 1.27–3.58; OR for pulse pressure ≥60 mmHg: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14–2.48]. Preexisting hypertension is a risk factor for critical outcomes in Japanese patients with COVID-19. BP indices are useful biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 outcomes, particularly in patients without preexisting hypertension. Thus, hypertension history, systolic BP, and pulse pressure should be assessed to predict severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the participants involved in this study and all members of the Japan COVID-19 Task Force who regularly engage in clinical and research work related to COVID-19. All members contributed to this study.
Funding
This study was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (grant numbers: JP20nk0101612, JP20fk0108415, JP21jk0210034, JP21km0405211, JP21km0405217, JP21wm0325031, JP20fk0108452, JP21fk0108553, JP21fk0108431, JP22fk0108510, JP21fk0108563, JP21fk0108573, JP22fk0108573, JP22fk0108513, and JP22wm0325031), Japan Science and Technology Agency CREST (grant number: JPMJCR20H2), Japan Science and Technology Agency PRESTO (grant number: JPMJPR21R7), and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (grant number: 20CA2054).
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Sakurai, K., Chubachi, S., Asakura, T. et al. Prognostic significance of hypertension history and blood pressure on admission in Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019: integrative analysis from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force. Hypertens Res 47, 639–648 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-023-01490-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-023-01490-w
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