Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Brief Communication
  • Published:

Serum vitamin B12 and D levels in children with Primary Raynaud Phenomenon: a retrospective cohort study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 76, pages 1615–1617 (2022)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Primary Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is resultant from transient vasospasm of peripheral arteries and arterioles, is usually precipitated by cold exposure or emotional stress, without any clue for autoimmune connective tissue diseases. We aimed to determine the frequency of vitamin D and B12 deficiencies in pediatric patients with primary RP, and to investigate their roles on the disease course. Vitamin B12 and D were supplemented if the patients had deficiencies. The study included 40 children with primary RP, 29 (72.5%) female and 11 (27.5%) male. The mean and median age were 15.1 ± 1.8 and 15.5 (range, 11.5–17.8) years. Symptoms were improved in 31 (77.5%) patients with warming procedures. Seventeen (41.5%) and 16 (39%) patients had low serum vitamin B12 and D levels, respectively. Vasodilator treatment requirement did not change by vitamin B12 status but was significantly lower in vitamin D deficient and replaced patients. Further studies are needed to clarify our results.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

References

  1. Halperin JL, Coffman JD. Pathophysiology of Raynaud’s disease. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:89–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Goldman RD. Raynaud phenomenon in children. Can Fam Physician. 2019;65:264–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Herrick AL. Pathogenesis of Raynaud’s phenomenon. Rheumatology. 2005;44:587–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Herrick AL. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8:469–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. al-Awami M, Schillinger M, Maca T, Gschwandtner M, Bieglmayer C, Wagner O, et al. Homocysteine levels in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon. Vasa. 2002;31:87–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hélou J, Moutran R, Maatouk I, Haddad F. Raynaud’s phenomenon and vitamin D. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33:751–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kumar N. Neurologic aspects of cobalamin (B12) deficiency. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;120:915–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shillo P, Selvarajah D, Greig M, Gandhi R, Rao G, Wilkinson ID, et al. Reduced vitamin D levels in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med. 2019;36:44–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Ferdousi M, Asghar O, Jeziorska M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021;37:e3361.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ghadiri-Anari A, Mozafari Z, Gholami S, Khodaei SA, Aboutorabi-Zarchi M, Sepehri F, et al. Dose vitamin D supplementations improve peripheral diabetic neuropathy? A before-after clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13:890–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey

    Rabia Miray Kisla Ekinci

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey

    Isil Ezel Taskin Karacay

  3. Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey

    Umit Celik

Authors
  1. Rabia Miray Kisla Ekinci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Isil Ezel Taskin Karacay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Umit Celik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

RMKE conceptualized and designed the study, drafted the initial manuscript, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. IETK collected data and carried out the initial analyses. UC critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. All co-authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the study.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rabia Miray Kisla Ekinci.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kisla Ekinci, R.M., Taskin Karacay, I.E. & Celik, U. Serum vitamin B12 and D levels in children with Primary Raynaud Phenomenon: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 76, 1615–1617 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01151-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01151-0

Search

Advanced search

Quick links