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The effects of intracellular and exosomal ncRNAs on cancer progression

Cancer Gene Therapy volume 30, pages 1587–1597 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Altered gene expression as well as mislocalization of a gene’s encoded product (proteins or noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs)) can lead to disease and cancer formation. Multiple studies have indicated that exosomes and their contents act as cell-to-cell communicators and play a key role in cancer progression. Moreover, exosomes contain several functional molecules, including ncRNAs. NcRNAs function as master regulators to coordinate cell growth, cell motility and drug resistance. However, intracellular ncRNAs, which can be transferred to recipient cells via exosomes (exosomal ncRNAs), mediate common/distinct downstream molecules, signaling pathways and functions that are less emphasized concepts in cancer development research. In this study, by using exosomes as a model, we comprehensively discuss the current knowledge regarding (1) the functional role of ncRNAs, both their intracellular and exosomal forms, in cancer progression, (2) the possible mechanism of ncRNA incorporation into exosomes and (3) the therapeutic applications and limitations of exosomes based on current knowledge.

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Fig. 1: The model of miRNA biogenesis and its action in eukaryotic cells.
Fig. 2: The model of lncRNA biogenesis and its action in eukaryotic cells.
Fig. 3: The model of circRNA biogenesis and its action in eukaryotic cells.

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Funding

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (NRRPG3L6012 and NRRPG3L6013 to YHL) and from the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 110-2311-B-182A-001-MY3 to YHL).

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  1. Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Yang-Hsiang Lin

  2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Yang-Hsiang Lin

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  1. Yang-Hsiang Lin
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Y-HL: conception and design, drafting of the paper and approval of final paper.

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Lin, YH. The effects of intracellular and exosomal ncRNAs on cancer progression. Cancer Gene Ther 30, 1587–1597 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-023-00679-y

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