Retraction Note: Predator odor increases avoidance and glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the prelimbic cortex via corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 signaling

Retraction to: Neuropsychopharmacology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0279-2, published online 23 November 2018

The authors have retracted this article following an investigation jointly conducted by Baylor University (BU) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) and additional analysis conducted by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) [1]. The investigation found a number of concerns with this article, specifically:

• In figures 2b, 2c, and 2d, the immunolabeling results for c-Fos positive nuclei values appear to have been falsified or fabricated by selectively switching or omitting raw data reported in mouse prelimbic and infralimbic subregions previously exposed to H₂O (control), vanilla (novel odorant), or TMT.

• In figure 5f, the sample size appears to have been falsified or fabricated by duplicating four data points to falsely report spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic current (sEPSC) frequency datapoints of electrophysiological recordings of eight animal subjects in the water and NBI27914 treatment group.

The results and conclusions of this article are therefore no longer reliable.

Lara S. Hwa, Sofia Neira, Melanie M. Pina, Dipanwita Pati, and Thomas L. Kash agree to this retraction. Rachel Calloway has not responded to any correspondence from the publisher about this retraction.