Abstract
The length scale of heterogeneity in blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) with poly(α-methyl styrene) (PαMS) was investigated using solid state 13C NMR. The PPO/PαMS blend system was homogeneous at ambient, but phase separation at or above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was confirmed by polarized-light microscopy (PLM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization confirmed that there was no specific interaction between PPO and PαMS. The scales of homogeneity in the blend were examined. 1H spin-relaxation times in the laboratory frame (T1H) and in the rotating frame (T1ρH) were measured for PPO/PαMS blends of various compositions and neat polymer components (PPO, PαMS). T1ρH data indicated that PPO and PαMS are mixed at the molecular level for all compositions, showing that the miscibility scale is comparable with that of the classical blend system of PPO and polystyrene (PS).
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
J. Stoelting, F. E. Karasz, and W. J. MacKnight, Polym. Eng. Sci., 10, 133 (1970).
A. R. Shultz and B. M. Beach, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16, 461 (1972).
A. F. Yee, Polym. Eng. Sci., 17, 213 (1977).
S. T. Wellinghoff, J. L. Koenig, and E. J. Baer, Polym. Sci. USSR, 15, 1913 (1977).
D. Lefebvre, B. Jasse, and L. Monnerie, Polymer, 22, 1616 (1981).
M. B. Djordjevic and R. S. Porter, Polym. Eng. Sci., 23, 650 (1983).
J. Ko, Y. Park, and S. J. Choe, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 36, 1981 (1998).
I. O. Volkov, M. M. Gogelova, A. J. Pertsin, L. V. Filimonova, M. A. P. R. Torres, and C. M. F. Oliveira, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 68, 517 (1998).
Y. M. Boiko and R. E. Prudhomme, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 825 (1999).
S. Saeki, J. M. G. Cowie, and I. J. McEwen, Polymer, 24, 60 (1983).
J. M. G. Cowie and I. J. McEwen, Polymer, 26, 1667 (1985).
J. M. Widmaier and G. Mignard, Eur. Polym. J., 23, 989 (1987).
J. L. Lin and R. J. Roe, Macromolecules, 20, 218 (1987).
H. A. Schneider and P. Dilger, Polym. Bull., 21, 265 (1989).
A. Rameau, Y. Gallot, P. Marie, and B. Farnoux, Polymer, 30, 386 (1989).
T. A. Callaghan and D. R. Paul, Macromolecules, 26, 2439 (1993).
J. R. Fried, T. Lorenz, and A. Ramdas, Polym. Eng. Sci., 25, 1048 (1985).
A. Maconnachie, J. R. Fried, and P. E. Tomlins, Macromolecules, 22, 4606 (1989).
L. C. Dickinson, H. Yang, C. W. Chu, R. S. Stein, and J. C. W. Chien, Macromolecules, 20, 1757 (1987).
F. Mikes and H. Morawetz, Macromolecules, 13, 969 (1980).
J. Kressler, H. W. Kammer, K. Herzog, and H. Heyde, Acta Polym. 41, 1 (1990).
E. O. Stejskal, J. Schaefer, M. D. Sefcik, and R. A. McKay, Macromolecules, 14, 275 (1981).
L. C. Dickinson, H. Yang, C.-W. Chu, R. S. Stein, and J. C. Chien, Macromolecules, 20, 1757 (1987).
T. Yu and M. Guo, Prog. Polym. Sci., 15, 825 (1990).
E. O. Stejskal, J. Schaefer, M. D. Sefcik, and R. A. McKay, Macromolecules, 14, 275 (1981).
M. Guo, Trends Polym. Sci., 4, 238 (1996).
R. H. Lin, E. M. Woo, and J. C. Chiang, Polymer, 42, 4289 (2001).
R. R. Wu, H. M. Kao, J. C. Chiang, and E. M. Woo, Polymer, 43, 171 (2002).
A. Asano, K. Takegoshi, and K. Hikichi, Polymer, 35, 5630 (1994).
S.-Y. Kwak and N. Nakajima, Macromolecules, 29, 3521 (1996).
S.-Y. Kwak and N. Nakajima, Macromolecules, 29, 5446 (1996).
N. Parizel, F. Laupretre, and L. Monnerie, Polymer, 38, 3719 (1997).
K. S. Jack and A. K. Whittaker, Macromolecules, 30, 3560 (1997).
J. White and D. J. Lohse, Macromolecules, 32, 958 (1999).
M. Gordon and J. S. Taylor, J. Appl. Chem., 2, 493 (1952).
A. Bielecki, D. P. Burum, D. M. Rich, and F. E. Karasz, Macromolecules, 24, 4820 (1991).
R. F. Nogueira and M. I. B. Tavares, Polym. Test, 20, 379 (2001).
H. Friebolin, “Basic One- and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy”, VCH Publishers, New York, N.Y., 1991, chapt. 7, Relaxation, p 162.
V. J. McBriety, D. C. Douglass, and T. K. Kwei, Macromolecules, 11, 1265 (1978).
D. E. Demco, A. Johansson, and J. Tegenfeldt, Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson., 4, 13 (1995).
J. Clauss, K. Schmidt-Rohr, and H. W. Spiess, Acta Polym., 44, 1 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Woo, E., Chou, IC., Chang, L. et al. Solid-State NMR Characterization on the Molecular-Level Homogeneity in Lower Critical Solution Temparature Mixtures of Poly(α-methyl styrene) and Poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide). Polym J 35, 372–378 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.35.372
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.35.372