In a study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and first degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with RA, 70% (14 of 20) and 25% (17 of 67), respectively, tested positive for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in their sputum, including some FDRs who were seronegative. In FDRs, elevated sputum levels of anti-CCP antibodies were associated with elevated numbers of macrophages and neutrophils and increased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps in the sputum.
References
Demoruelle, M. K. et al. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are associated with neutrophil extracellular traps in the sputum in relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.40066 (2017)
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McHugh, J. The lung as a site for anti-CCP generation?. Nat Rev Rheumatol 13, 197 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2017.29
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2017.29
