Dulak et al. performed exome sequencing in 149 oesophageal adenocarcinoma samples, and 15 of these samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. 26 significantly mutated genes were identified (of which five were already known to have a role in this cancer). The newly identified genes include chromatin-modifying factors as well as upstream modulators of the RAC1 GTPase. These results could help in the quest for new therapeutic targets for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.