Three new genetic associations—19p13 in CRTC1, 9q22 in BARX1 and 3p14 near FOXP1—have been identified for Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, supporting the role for a genetic component in the development of these diseases. In this genome-wide association study, Levine et al. compared 2,390 oesophageal adenocarcinoma cases and 3,175 precancerous Barrett oesophagus cases with 10,120 controls.