Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Protocol
  • Published:

Dictyostelium discoideum: a model host to measure bacterial virulence

Abstract

Dictyostelium amoebae have been used as a host model to measure virulence of a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The simple protocol described here takes advantage of the ability of Dictyostelium to grow and form plaques on a lawn of nonpathogenic bacteria but not on virulent bacteria. This assay can be modulated to measure the virulence of different bacterial pathogens. By adjusting various parameters such as cell numbers or media, a more quantitative measure of bacterial virulence can also be obtained. The entire procedure takes about 5 h to compete, and up to 2 further weeks may be required for plaques to form on the bacterial lawn.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Virulence of bacteria against Dictyostelium: effect of the medium.
Figure 2: Assessment of bacteria virulence.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Casadevall, A. & Pirofski, L.A. Host–pathogen interactions: redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity. Infect. Immun. 67, 3703 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Hilbi, H., Weber, S.S., Ragaz, C., Nyfeler, Y. & Urwyler, S. Environmental predators as models for bacterial pathogenesis. Environ. Microbiol. 9, 563 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kurz, C.L. & Ewbank, J.J. Infection in a dish: high-throughput analyses of bacterial pathogenesis. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 10, 10 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cosson, P. & Soldati, T. Eat, kill or die: when amoeba meets bacteria, Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11, 271–276 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fey, P., Kowal, A.S., Gaudet, P., Pilcher, K.E. & Chisholm, R. Protocols for growth and development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Nat. Protoc. 2, 1307 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Eichinger, L. et al. The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 435, 43 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sussman, R. & Sussman, M. Cultivation of Dictyostelium discoideum in axenic medium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 29, 53 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Watts, D.J. & Ashworth, J.M. Growth of myxameobae of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum in axenic culture. Biochem. J. 119, 171 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cosson, P. et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence analyzed in a Dictyostelium discoideum host system. J. Bacteriol. 184, 3027 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Alibaud, L. et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes identified in a Dictyostelium host model. Cell Microbiol. 10, 729 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Froquet, R. et al. Alternative host model to evaluate Aeromonas virulence. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5657 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kalima, P., Masterton, R.G., Roddie, P.H. & Thomas, A.E. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J. Infect. 32, 165 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Benghezal, M. et al. Specific host genes required for the killing of Klebsiella bacteria by phagocytes. Cell Microbiol. 8, 139 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Franke, J. & Kessin, R. A defined minimal medium for axenic strains of Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2157 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cornillon, S. et al. Phg1p is a nine-transmembrane protein superfamily member involved in Dictyostelium adhesion and phagocytosis. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 34287 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique to P.C. Our research group participates in the NEMO Network, supported by the 3R Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pierre Cosson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Froquet, R., Lelong, E., Marchetti, A. et al. Dictyostelium discoideum: a model host to measure bacterial virulence. Nat Protoc 4, 25–30 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.212

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.212

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing