Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Protocol
  • Published:

A microarray-based protocol for monitoring the growth of yeast overexpression strains

Abstract

Gene overexpression can be used to investigate the biological pathways that are important in the response to a small molecule or other perturbation. To facilitate the use of gene overexpression in the study of small-molecule mechanisms, we developed a microarray-based protocol for monitoring the growth of a pool of yeast strains, each overexpressing a different protein. In this protocol, yeast harboring a set of 3,900 galactose-inducible overexpression plasmids are grown in the absence or presence of a small molecule for multiple generations. The plasmids are then extracted from the two populations, processed and labeled in such a manner that their relative concentrations can be determined by competitive hybridization to a microarray. Although this protocol was developed for monitoring a specific set of overexpression plasmids, it could presumably be adapted to monitor yeast that have been transformed with any set of plasmids for which the gene inserts have been spotted, or otherwise arrayed, in a microarray format. This protocol can be completed in approximately 15 hours of hands-on time over the course of several days.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Outline of protocol.
Figure 2: Typical microarray results.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Giaever, G. et al. Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Nature 418, 387–391 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Winzeler, E.A. et al. Functional characterization of the S. cerevisiae genome by gene deletion and parallel analysis. Science 285, 901–906 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Giaever, G. et al. Genomic profiling of drug sensitivities via induced haploinsufficiency. Nature Genet. 21, 278–283 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Lum, P.Y. et al. Discovering modes of action for therapeutic compounds using a genome-wide screen of yeast heterozygotes. Cell 116, 121–137 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Giaever, G. et al. Chemogenomic profiling: identifying the functional interactions of small molecules in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 793–798 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Parsons, A.B. et al. Integration of chemical-genetic and genetic interaction data links bioactive compounds to cellular target pathways. Nature Biotechnol. 22, 62–69 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Butcher, R.A. et al. Microarray-based method for monitoring yeast overexpression strains reveals small-molecule targets in TOR pathway. Nature Chem. Biol. 2, 103–109 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schiestl, R.H. & Gietz, R.D. High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier. Curr. Genet. 16,339–346 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Soni, R., Carmichael, J.P. & Murray, J.A. Parameters affecting lithium acetate-mediated transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and development of a rapid and simplified procedure. Curr. Genet. 24, 455–459 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gollub, J. et al. The Stanford Microarray Database: data access and quality assessment tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 94–96 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Heitman, J., Movva, N.R. & Hall, M.N. Targets for cell cycle arrest by the immunosuppressant rapamycin in yeast. Science 253, 905–909 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Chih Long Liu for advice regarding the in vivo transcription amplification strategy. We thank the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM38627) for support of this research. S.L.S. is an Investator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. R.A.B. was supported by a graduate fellowship from the National Science Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rebecca A Butcher or Stuart L Schreiber.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Butcher, R., Schreiber, S. A microarray-based protocol for monitoring the growth of yeast overexpression strains. Nat Protoc 1, 569–576 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.80

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.80

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing