No. 1 1–111 No. 2 113–229 No. 3 231–356 No. 4 357–480 No. 5 481–603 No. 6 605–715 No. 7 717–838 No. 8 839–939 No. 9 941–1062 No. 10 1063–1191 No. 11 1193–1293 No. 12 1295–1429

(L) Letter to the Editor (N) News (B) Book Review (C) Commentary (NV) News & Views (NT) New Technology (Corr) Correction (Err) Errata

A Abbott Laboratories, countersuit against, 948(N) Academic medical centers, industry support group, 948(N) Achromatopsia, genetic mutation, 746(NV) Acid sphingomyelinase gene disruption, oocyte apoptosis suppression, 1100(NV),1109 Activin A, and basic fibroblast growth factor neuroprotective effect, 739(NV),812 Acute promyelocytic leukemia, transcriptional defects, 742(NV) Adeno-associated virus vector viral DNA heterodimerization, 599(NT) see also Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector Adenovirus E1A, and Ewing tumors, 4(L) Adenovirus mutant dl1520 replication, p14ARF mechanism, 1128 Adenovirus mutant dl922-947, anti-tumoral efficacy, 1134 Adipogenesis inhibition, AP-1 transcription factor, 970(NV),985 Adult hippocampal progenitor cells, retinal dystrophy grafts, 1211(NV) Africa HIV vaccine trials, 844(N) UN acknowledges HIV/AIDS threat, 117(N) Aging, DNA microarray analysis, fibroblasts, 507(NV) AIDS, African epidemic, UN acknowledges threat, 117(N) AIDS vaccine, 1220(NV). See also HIV vaccine Akt activation, statin mechanism of action, 965(NV),1004 Albinism, gene therapy approach, mice, 27(NV) Alcohol intake, fetal neurotoxicity mechanisms, 263(NV) Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. See Bone marrow transplantation Allografts. See Transplantation Alpha-hemolysin, urinary tract pathogenesis, 741(NV) Altered-peptide ligand, multiple sclerosis clinical trials, 1098(NV),1167,1176 Alternative medicine, 240(N) Alzheimer disease amyloid β-peptide antibody treatment, mice, 916 amyloid β-peptide improper clearance, 133(NV),143 ibuprofen treatment magnetic resonance microscopy, 20(NV) American Heart Association, stem cell research support, 845(N) δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase import mechanism, 898 AMPA antagonists, multiple sclerosis potential use, 15(NV),62,67 Amygdala, morphine sensitization, SPARC glycoprotein, 910 Amyloid-A-induced RAGE upregulation, 633(NV),643 Amyloid β-peptide antibody treatment, mouse model, 916 catabolic pathway identification, 133(NV),143,718(L) microvascular endothelium transport, 718(L) pathological deposition mechanism, 133(NV),143 Amyloid β-protein precursor cytotoxic proteolytic peptide derivation, caspase cleavage, 385(NV),397 neurodegeneration direct role, 512(NV) Amyloid plaques, magnetic resonance microscopy, 20(NV) Amyloidosis amyloid-A-induced RAGE upregulation, 633(NV),643 and yeast prions, 751(R) Anderson, Roy, 1070(N) Androgen escape mechanism, prostate cancer, 628(NV),703,933(Err) Anergy, p27kip1 function, 290 Ang1, dermal vessels effect of, 131(NV) Angiogenesis Ang1 and VEGF effect, 131(NV) ischemic peripheral neuropathy therapy, VEGF gene transfer, 379(NV),405 maspin inhibition of, 196 mechanisms and therapeutic application, 389(R) PR39 regulation of, 49,356(Err) thrombospondin-1 inhibition of, signals, 41 tumor and wound healing mechanism, 979(NV) vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy risk, 1102(NV) xenogeneic endothelial cell anti-tumor immunotherapy, 1160 Angioma-genesis, VEGF gene therapy risk, 1102(NV) Angiopoietin-1, adult vasculature leakage protection, 460 Ank mouse arthritis model, genetic defect elucidated Anthrax, Russian outbreak investigation, 245(B) Antibiotics deterrence of resistance to, 142(NV) VncS-VncR pathway target, 263(NV) Antigen-specific regulatory T cells, 782 Antigen-specific T cells, in situ detection, 1056(NT) Anti-infective biomaterials, screening, 1053(NT) Anti-inflammatory effects, carbon monoxide, 422 Anti-retroviral therapy. See Highly active anti-retroviral therapy Anti-tumor therapy. See Cancer therapy AP-1 transcription factors, bone formation, 970(NV),980,985 Apoptosis mitochondrial control, 513(R) thrombospondin-1 induction of, signals, 41 TRAIL induction of, hepatocytes, 502(NV),564 Aquaporin-4 deletion, cerebral edema reduction, 159 Arginine-cyclosporin A conjugation, topical delivery, 1253 Arntzen, Charles, 364(N) Arteriogenesis, mechanisms, 389(R) Atherosclerosis, herpesvirus role, 979(N) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, basal ganglia functional deficits, MRI, 470 Australia biomedical lobbying group created, 613(N) Celera Genomics Corporation deal, 847(N) Ogilvie's research funding warning, 725(N) scientists' discontent, survey, 10(N) universities told to commercialize, 120(N) Australian Aborigines, group A streptococcal vaccine, 455 Autoimmune disease CD40 agonistic antibodies, arthritis, 629(NV),673 gram-negative infection link, molecular mimicry model, 215 human cytomegalovirus link, 1183 and thymocyte positive selection disruption, 259(NV),298 Autoimmune T cells, multiple sclerosis, 15(NV),56

B B-cell inhibition, limitin role, 659 B-cell malignancies, T-cell response induction, 667 B-cell mitogen identification, pathogenic trypanosome, 865(NV),890 Barbacid, Mariano, 239(N) Basal ganglia functional deficits, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 470 Basic fibroblast growth factor neuroprotection, and activin A induction, 739(NV),812 Baylor University, science and religion center controversy, 613(N) BBB scale scores, 358(L) Bcl-2 oncoprotein, chemoresistance mechanism, 1029 Beanie Baby profits, AIDS Foundation support, 726(N) β-cell induction, PDX-1 role, hepatocytes, 505(NV),568 β-human chorionic gonadotropin, in tumor assessment, 711(NT) Bioengineering, FY00 congressional priority, 7(N) Bioethics, 615(C) Bio-flavonoids, infant leukemias role, 512(NV) Bioinformatics, and functional genomics, 1071(N) Biomaterials, anti-microbial screening, 1053(NT) Biomedical education, 'Supercourse' proposal, 358(L) Biomedical publication, ethics, 1205(B) Biomedical research survey shows secrecy in, 365(N) trends, 113(E) Blood stem cells, renal cell carcinoma treatment, 1107(NV) Blower, Sally, 359(N) Bone cancer pain, osteoprotegerin treatment, 504(NV),521,838(Err) Bone formation, AP-1 transcription factor family in, 970(NV),980,985 statin stimulation of, 21(NV) Bone marrow transplantation and co-stimulatory blockade, macrochimerism and tolerance induction, 464 graft-versus-host disease prevention, 18(NV) “facilitating cells” surface marker, 866(NV),904 Books reviewed Anthrax: The Investigation of a Deadly Outbreak, 245 Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy, 496 Darwin's Ghost: The Origin of Species Updated, 621 Defending the Cavewoman, 371 The Door in the Dream: Conversations With Eminent Women in Science, 1089 Driving Mr. Albert: A Trip Across America with Einstein's Brain, 1090 Ethical Issues in Biomedical Publication, 1205 A Fever in Salem; A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials, 127 Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It, 12 Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters, 11 The Methuselah Gene: A Science Fiction Adventure Thriller, 857 Neural Transplantation, 621 Of Mice, Men, and Microbes-Hantavirus, 11 The Paradox of Sleep, 245 The Shape of the Heart, 857 Stress, Coping, and Depression, 733 To America's Health: A Proposal to Reform the Food and Drug Administration, 963 The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism and Environment, 1206 Virus: The Co-Discoverer of HIV Tracks Its Rampage and Charts the Future, 372 Xeno: The Promise of Transplanting Animal Organs into Humans, 963 Borst, Piet, 8(N) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 258(NV) Brain edema, aquaporin-4 modulating role, 159 Brain tumors magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nosologic images, 1287(NT) neural stem cells, gene therapy vehicle, 369(C),447 Brazil, research centers long-term support, 1198(N) BRCA test, NIH pays cut-rate prices, 610(N) Breast cancer iodide transporter expression, 859(NV),871 selective estrogen receptor modulators, 960(C) Bullous impetigo, exfoliative toxin A mechanism, 1213(NV),1275

C Calcineurin, and heart failure, 2(L) Calcium signaling, cardiac growth/function, 1221(R) Canada health research legislation, 8(N) networked research expansion, 240(N) Cancer clinical trial insurance coverage agreement, 1212(N) evolutionary legacy, 496(B) metastasis model, 100 transcription regulation Cancer research UK NCI proposal, 357(E) UK parliamentary committee inquiry, 360(N) UK report suggests improvements, 945(N) Cancer therapy adenovirus mutant dl1520 replication facilitation, 1128 adenovirus mutant dl922-947, 1134 cannabinoid agonists, 255(NV),313 Fc receptors cytotoxicity role, 373(NV),4434 gene therapy clinical trial, 862(NV),879 MGATS inhibitors potential, 306 vesicular stomatitis virus, 821 Cancer vaccine renal carcinoma, 252(NV),332 TERT RNA transfected dendritic cells, 966(NV),1011 xenogeneic endothelial cells, 1160 Cannabinoids, anti-tumor action, 255(NV),313 Carbon monoxide, anti-inflammatory effects, mechanism, 422 Carcinoembryonic antigen, positron emission tomography, 869(NV) Cardiac failure. See Heart failure Cardiac growth/function, calcium signaling, 1221(R) Cardiac hypertrophy calcium signaling, 1221(R) myocyte adaptation, myosin light chain kinase, 183 TAK1 role, transgenic mice, 556 transgenic mice models, need for controls, 482(L) Cardiomyocytes HF-1β null mice, 968(NV) myosin light chain kinase role, hypertrophy, 183 Cardiovascular disease, bacterial infections role, 841(L) Carlsson, Arvid, 1196(N) Carney complex gene discovery, 979(NV) Caspase activation, compensatory pathways, 1241 Caspase-cleaved amyloid β-protein precursor, cytotoxic proteolytic peptide generation, 385(NV),397 Caspase 8 suppression, neuroblastoma MYCN amplification, 498(NV),529 CCR5 co-receptor, intercellular transfer, 769 CD4 co-receptor function, video microscopic analysis, 1097(NV) CD8+ bone marrow transplant facilitating cell, surface marker, 866(NV), 904 CD8+ cells HIV homeostasis impact, 976(NV),1036 virus- and tumor-specificity detection, 1056(NT) CD34+ cells, flow cytometry counting, 833(NT) CD36, thrombospondin-1 antiangiogenic activity mediation, 41 CD40 agonistic antibodies, in chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, 629(NV),673 CD40 ligand blockade of, thromboembolic complications, 114(L) dendritic cell expression, CD4+ cell-independent immunity, 1154 CD45 mutations, severe combined immunodeficiency disease, 343 Celera Genomics sequence data, financial optimism, scientific skepticism, 116(N) Celiac disease, dominant A-gliadin T-cell epitope identification, 337 Cell death, mitochondrial control, 513(R) Cell physiology, 1087(C) Cell signaling 'glue grant,' 1072(N) Cellular transformation, transcriptional regulation, 742(NV) 'Central DNA flap,' 626(NV) Ceramide accumulation, cannabinoid apoptosis mechanism, 255(NV),313 Ceramide analogs, infertility protection potential, 1100(NV),1109 Cerebral edema, aquaporin-4 modulating role, 159 Chagas disease NSAIDs potential use in, 142(NV) proline racemase as B-cell mitogen, 865(NV), 890 Challenge Grants program, 1197(N) Chemokines, T-cell repulsive response, 543 Chemoresistance analysis, murine lymphoma model, 1029 Chemotherapy dosage design, 500(NV) ONYX-015 combination, clinical trial, 862(NV), 879 Chimpanzees, US sanctuary system, 9(N) China, first international HIV vaccine meeting, 5(N) Cholesterol homeostasis, retinoid X receptor role, 1104(NV) Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, 869(NV) Chronic fatigue syndrome, GAO funding controversy report, 846(N) Chronic myelogenous leukemia, T-cell immunity in elimination of, 1018 Cis-activation strategy, recombinant adeno-associated virus vector, 595(NT) Clinical research industry support, 948(N) NIH progress report, 1201(C) Clinical scientists, UK plans, 490(N) Clinical trials research, standards, 1193(E) ClinicalTrials.gov, 365(N) Coeliac disease. See Celiac disease Collagen-induced arthritis, CD40 agonist antibody treatment, 629(NV), 673 Colonic fluid production, galanin-1 receptor up-regulation, 1048 Colony-stimulating factor, placental immunity role, 589 Colorectal cancer, combinatorial chemoprevention, 874(NV), 1024 Combinatorial chemoprevention, intestinal neoplasia, 974(NV), 1024 Combined co-stimulatory blockade failure, transplant model, 115(L) Congestive heart failure. See Heart failure Cortisol-responsive androgen receptor mutants, prostate cancer, 628(NV), 703 Coxsackievirus-mediated heart disease tyrosine kinase p56lck role, 429 viral damage versus molecular mimicry model, 631(NV), 693 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 'new variant,' 258(NV) Crohn disease, interleukin 6 trans signaling role, 583 CTLA-4 blockade, T-cell paradoxical inhibition, heterogeneity, 211 Cyclooxygenase signaling inhibition, combinatorial chemoprevention, 974(NV), 1024 Cyclopentenone prostaglandins, anti-inflammatory mechanism, 137(NV) Cyclosporin A-arginine conjugation, topical delivery, 1253 Cysteine protease calpain 10 gene, Type II diabetes, 1107 Cytokines heat-shock protein-70 production of, 429 transplantation rejection regulation, 497(NV), 549 Cytomegalovirus infection, autoimmunity link, 1183 Cytotoxic T cells, leukemia elimination, 1018

D Darwin's theory, 621(B) DDT, balance of risk paradigm, 729(C) Declaration of Helsinki, 615(C) Δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase import mechanism, 898 Demyelinating diseases, endogenous sodium channel blocker role, 738(NV), 808 Dendritic cells CD40L expression, and CD4 cell-independent immunity, 1154 Dengue virus target, 748(NV), 816 scrapie pathogenesis role, 719(L) TERT RNA transfection, tumor immunity, 966(NV), 1011 tumor cell hybrid vaccine, renal carcinoma, 252(NV), 332 Dengue virus, dendritic cells target of, 748(NV), 816 Dentate gyrus, neuronal progenitor cell isolation, 249(NV), 271 Depression, and stress, 733(B) Desmoglein 1, exfoliative toxin A target, 1213(NV), 1275 Diabetes mellitus See Type I diabetes; Type II diabetes Diarrhea, infectious, galanin-1 receptor up-regulation, 1048 Dickman, Michael, 121(N) Diltiazem, rod photoreceptor rescue, 116(L) Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy, 722(N) Disgust, specialized brain system, 1220(NV) dl922-947, anti-tumoral efficacy, 1134 dl1520 adenovirus mutant, replication facilitation, 1128 DNA microarray analysis, fibroblast aging mechanism, 507(NV) DNA mismatch repair. See Mismatch repair DNA vaccine fetal oral cavity administration, 929 measles, 744(NV), 776, 1062(Err) Doxorubicin-peptide 'prodrug,' 1248 Dreaming, 245(B) Drosophila, nucleotide sequence revealed, 387(NV) Drug addiction, neurotrophic factors role, 635(NV) Drug resistance analysis, murine lymphoma model, 1029 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, gene therapy, golden retrievers, 6353(NV) Dysentery, 'probiotic' treatment, 257(NV), 265

E Ebola virus glycoprotein, pathogenicity determinant, 886 Einstein's brain, 1090(B) Embryonic stem cells. See Human embryonic stem cells Endothelial xenogeneic cells, antitumor immunotherapy, 1160 Environmental endocrine hypothesis, 246(B) Epidermal growth factor inhibition, combinatorial chemoprevention, 974(NV), 1024 Epidermal powder immunization, 1187(NT) Erythrocytes, ring stage P. falciparum infection, 1264 Escherichia coli infection α-hemolysin urinary tract pathogenesis, 741(NV) 'probiotic' treatment, 257(NV), 265 Ethics. See Research ethics Ewing tumors, and adenovirus E1A, 4(L) Exfoliative toxin A, epidermal blistering mechanism, 1213(NV), 1275 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis AMPA antagonists in, 15(NV), 62, 67 glutamate receptor blockade, 15(NV), 62, 67 thymic autoreactive T-cell repertoire role, 15(NV), 56 Experimental colitis, interleukin 6 trans signaling, 583 Expressed-sequence tags patents, revisions, 362(N)

F Facilitating cell surface marker, bone marrow transplantation, 866(NV), 904 Familial Alzheimer disease, presenilin mutations, 1220(NV) Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, 27(NV) Fas-associated death domain protein, inflammatory gene expression activation, 790 Fas engagement, liver regeneration acceleration, 920 FasL, immune privilege mechanisms re-evaluation, 493(C) Fat transplantation, and diabetes studies, 263(NV) Fatty acid synthetase I, pyrazinamide inhibition, 977(NV), 1043 Fatty liver disease reversal, metaformin effect, mice, 998 Favaloro, Rene, 1070(N) Fc receptors, anti-tumor cytotoxicity modulation, 373(NV), 443 FcαRI, serum IgA interactions, mucosal immunity, 680 Feeding behavior, glucagon-like peptide-2 role, 802 Fetal alcohol syndrome, mechanisms, 263(NV) Fetal hemoglobin, sickle cell disease, transgenic mice, 139(NV), 177 Fetal immunization, DNA vaccine oral cavity delivery, 929 Fetal loss, coagulation factors gene mutations, 1220(N) Fetal stem cells. See Human embryonic stem cells Fibroblasts, aging mechanism, DNA microarray analysis, 507(NV) Flow cytometry counting, CD34+ cells, 833(NT) FOG-2, heart development role, 864(NV) Folkman, Judah, 948(N) Follicular dendritic cells, scrapie pathogenesis, 719(L) Follicular epithelial cells, as skin epidermis source, 1095(NV) Food and Drug Administration, proposal to reform, 963(B) Food intake, glucagon-like peptide-2 role, 802 Ford, Larry C., 614(N) Fra-1 overexpression, bone formation, 970(NV),980 Framingham Heart Study, commercialization, 721(N) Functional antibodies, design of, 123(C) Functional genomics, bioinformatics, 1071(N) Functional MRI, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 470 Fundacion Favaloro, 1070(N)

G Galanin-1 receptor up-regulation, excess colonic fluid production, 1048 Gamma interferon, vascular xenogeneic rejection role, 497(NV), 549 Gankyrin overexpression, retinoblastoma protein destabilization, hepatomas, 96 Gastric atrophy attenuation, concurrent helminth and helicobacter infection, 536 Gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori link, 376(NV) Gastritis, concurrent helminth and helicobacter infection, 536 Gender differences, HIV-1 genetic diversity, 23(NV),71 Gene expression in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, 256(NV), 351 positron emission tomography, 933(NV) Gene patents, revisions, 362(N) Gene therapy annual meeting reinvigoration of field, 722(N) cancer Phase II clinical trial, 862(NV), 879 cautious optimism, 717(E) clinical trial monitoring changes, 486(N) neural stem cells as vehicle, brain tumors, 369(C), 447 Parkinson disease, 1207(NV) severe combined immunodeficiency, 623(NV) sickle cell disease, mouse model, 139(NV), 177 Gene therapy death, 6(N) biotechnology industry response, 118(N) clinical trial monitoring changes, 486(N) safety wake-up call, 1(E) Senate subcommittee hearing, 235(N) Gene transfer, hematopoietic stem cells, 624(NV), 652 Genetic databases, United Kingdom plan, 359(N) Genetic testing, insurance premium assessment use, UK, 1199(N) Genetically modified organisms, UK research difficulties, 364(N) Germ line protection, and cancer therapy, 1100(NV), 1109 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, Parkinson disease gene therapy, 1207(NV) Glioma therapy cannabinoid agonists, 255(NV), 313 chimeric poliovirus, 750(NV) neural stem cells, IL-4 delivery, 369(C), 447 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations commercial boost, 363(N) fund raising, 238(N) Glucagon-like peptide-2, food intake regulation role, 802 Glucocorticoid-responsive androgen receptor mutants, prostate cancer, 628(NV), 703, 939(Err) Glucose, transdermal monitoring using ultrasound, 347 Glucose intolerance, glucose transporter 4 importance, 924 Glucose transporter 4 targeted disruption, 924 'Glue grant' announced, 1072(N) Glutamate receptors blockade of, multiple sclerosis model, 15(NV), 62, 67 immunization against, neuroprotective effects, 383(NV) Government-University Research Partnership, 239(N) Graft-versus-host disease donor cell manipulation, 18(NV) and LIGHT pathway, 283 Grafts. See Transplantation Gram-negative pathogens, autoimmune disease link, 215 Green fluorescence protein neural progenitor cell expression, 271, 483(L) transgenic expression of, cardiomyopathy cause, 482(L) Greengard, Paul, 1196(N) Grinstein, Sergio, 485(N), 609(N) Group A streptococcal vaccine, Australian Aborigines, 455 Guillain-Barré syndrome, endogenous sodium channel blocker role, 738(NV), 808 Gulf War syndrome, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 750(NV)

H HAART. See Highly active anti-retroviral therapy Hair follicle epithelial cells, skin epidermis source, 1095(NV) Hamilton, W.D., 367(Obit) Hantavirus, 11(B) Hcrt mutation, early onset narcolepsy, 991 Head and neck cancer, gene therapy clinical trial, 862(NV), 879 Health Life Expectancy Rankings, 722(N) Heart disease bacterial infections role, 841(L) calcium signaling, 1221(C) Heart failure and calcineurin, 2(L) gene therapy, 512(NV) sarcoplasmic reticulum function, 942(L) TAK1 role, transgenic mice, 556 Heart function, calcium signaling, 1221(R) Heat-shock protein-70, chaperone and cytokine dual role, 429 Helicobacter pylori concurrent helminth infection, gastric atrophy attenuation, 526 gastic cancer link, 376(NV) Helminth infection, gastric atrophy attenuation, 536 Hemangioma risk, vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy, 1102(NV) Hematopoietic stem cells engraftment facilitation, 18(NV) hepatic regeneration, 1212(NV), 1229 long-term gene transfer, 624(NV), 652 Notch signaling immortalization of, 1210(NV), 1278 p27kip1 effects, 1235 Hepatectomy, Fas-induced apoptosis prevention, 920 Hepatic regeneration, hematopoietic stem cells, 1212(NV), 1229 Hepatitis B infection, hepatocyte xenotransplantation model, 327 Hepatitis C virus, 1082(C) Hepatitis C virus infection long-term immunological correlates of recovery, 578 outcome prediction, 512(NV) vaccine advance, mouse model, 142(NV) Hepatitis delta virus infection, hepatocyte xenotransplantation model, 327 Hepatocarcinogenesis, gankyrin overexpression, 96 Hepatocyte transplantation human hepatitis infections model, 327 variable therapeutic effect, mice, 320 Hepatocytes hematopoietic stem cell contribution, 1212(NV), 1229 NF-κB immune response function, 573 PDX-1 induced conversion to β-cells, 505(NV), 568 TRAIL-induced apoptosis, 502(NV), 564 transplantation, 320, 327 HER-2/neu, PEA3 suppression of, tumorigenesis inhibition, 189 Herpesvirus, atherosclerosis role, 979(NV) Heyward, William, 361(N) HF-1b disruption, ventricular arrhythmias, 968(NV) Highly active anti-retroviral therapy episomal HIV-1 replication persistence, 76 HIV-1 primary infection, viremia control, 1094(NV), 1140 and latent reservoir HIV-1 replication, 76, 82, 736(NV), 757 non-latent reservoir viral rebound, 736(NV), 757 Hippocampus, neuronal progenitor cell isolation, 249(NV), 271, 483(L) HIV discovery, 372(B) HIV-1 evolution, 750(NV) HIV-1 genetics, gender differences, 23(NV),71 HIV-1 infection CCR5 co-receptor mechanism, 769 mycophenolic acid control of, 735(NV), 762 naïve T-cell homeostasis impact, 976(NV), 1036 nuclear translocation mechanism, 626(NV) oral polio vaccine theory, 1067(NV) HIV-1 nuclear translocation mechanism, 626(NV) HIV-1 pathogenesis, gender differences, 23(NV), 71 HIV-1 protease mutations, online search engine for queries, 1290(NT) HIV-1 rebound, HAART discontinuation, 76, 82, 736(NV), 757 HIV-1 replication episome-specific PCR detection, HAART, 76 HAART limitations, 76, 82 latent reservoirs of, 76, 82 mycophenolic acid control of, 735(NV), 762 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations, online search engine for queries, 1290(NT) HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus, mucosal transmission protection, 129(NV), 200, 207 HIV-1 specific CD4+ cells homeostasis, 976(NV), 1036 latent virus source, 736(NV), 757 HIV-1 therapy, 261(NV). See also Highly active anti-retroviral therapy HIV-1 transmission and HIV-1 genetic diversity, 23(NV), 71 in vitro models, mucosa, 475(NT), 607(L) mother-to-infant, mucosal IgG protection, 129(NV), 200 mucosal protection, IgGs, 129(NV), 200, 207 organ culture model, female genital tract, 475(NT), 607(L) HIV-1 vaccine African trials planned, 844(N) China's international meeting, 5(N) design and construction of, Kenya trial, 951(C) IgG mucosal protection, SHIV chimeric virus, 129(NV), 200, 207 Kenya clinical trial, 951(C) NIH revamps clinical trials unit, 488(N) QUEST collaborative trial, 1194(L) South African trial, 1199(N), 1200(N) UNAIDS guidelines, 363(N) US NIAID funding, 844(N) HLA types, South African ethnic groups, 3(L) HRAS oncogene, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus oncogenesis mechanism, 1091(NV), 1121 HTLV-1, South American origin, 232(L) Human cytomegalovirus, virion mRNA content, 863(NV) Human cytomegalovirus late protein VL94, autoimmunity link, 1183 Human genome, 11(B) Human embryonic stem cells, 231(E) activists threaten academic research funding, 119(N) adult stem cells effect of, 747(NV) American Heart Association support, 845(N) Europe asks UK to reject cloning approval, 1068(N) European bioethical discussion, 845(N) Japanese guidelines, 239 NIH guidelines delay, 231(E) Pope influences scientists, 1069(N) UK approves research, 950(N) UK policy speculation, 486(N) University of Wisconsin sale of, 237(N) US guidelines released, 1068(N) US Senate subcommittee debate, 614(N) Huntingtin expression block, 512(NV) Hereditary Disease Foundation conference, 1063(E) normal and mutant function, 1208(NV) Huntington disease Hereditary Disease Foundation conference, 1063(E) huntingtin expression block, 512(NV) minocycline mortality delay, mice, 797 normal and mutant huntingtin role Hyaluronic acid, Plasmodium falciparum adhesion, placenta, 25(NV),86 Hypocretins, narcolepsy role, 991 Hypoxia-inducible factor-1β, PR39 inhibition of, 49

I Ibuprofen, Alzheimer's disease treatment, 973(NV) IgG, mucosal HIV transmission protection, 129(NV), 200, 207 IκB kinase, cyclopentenone prostaglandins inhibition of, 137(NV) Immune Tolerance Network, "Edmonton Protocol” commences, 950(N) Immunocompetent SCID-hu mice, 103(NT) Immunofluorescence, gamma interferon and Il-10 detection, 107(NT) Immunoglobulin framework-derived peptides, cytotoxic T-cell epitope function of, 667 Immunoglobulin A, FcαRI interactions, mucosal immunity, 680 Immunologic 'ignorance,' vascularized organ transplants, 686 Imperial College School of Medicine, 1070 Infectious diarrhea, galanin-1 receptor up-regulation, 1048 Infertility ceramide analogs protective effects, mice, 1100(NV), 1109 spermatogonial cell transplantation, mice, 16(NV), 29 Inflammatory disease, carbon monoxide therapeutic potential, 422 Inflammatory response, signaling systems link, 137(NV) Influenza pandemic of 1918, 12(B) Influenza vaccine, needle-free powder delivery, 1187(NT) Informed consent, 615(C) Innate immune system, trophoblast pregnancy- specific component, 589, 838(Corr) Institutional Review Boards, 1193(E) Insulin-dependent diabetes. See Type I diabetes Insulin resistance glucose transporter 4 importance, 924 metaformin therapeutic mechanism, mice, 998 skeletal muscle respiratory uncoupling prevention strategy, 1092(NV), 1115 Insurance premium assessment, genetic testing use, UK, 1199(N) Interferon-γ coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis protection, 631(NV),693 high-sensitivity immunofluorescence detection, 107(NT) Interleukin-2, p27kip1 inhibition of, 290 Interleukin-4, neural stem cell delivery, gliomas, 369©,447 Interleukin-6 trans signaling, intestinal inflammation pathogenic pathway, 583 Interleukin-10,high-sensitivity immunofluorescence detection, 107(NT) Interleukin-12, transplantation regulation, 497(NV),549 International Financial Institution Advisory Commission HIV report, 491(N) Intestinal inflammation, interleukin-6 trans signaling role, 583 Intestinal neoplasia, combinatorial chemoprevention, 974(NV), 1024 Intrauterine growth retardation, thromboxane A2 receptor role, 219 Intravascular metastasis model, 100 Iodide transporter expression, mammary tumors, 859(NV), 871 Iron transporter, 263(NV) Ischemic peripheral neuropathy, VEGF gene transfer therapeutic angiogenesis, 379(NV), 405 Islet cell transplantation, 750(NV) Isocitrate lyase, tuberculosis latent stage infection role, 979(NV) Israel, medical research quality decline, 9(N) Italy biomedical research budget, 9(N) genomics project, 1071(N) neuroscience network plans, 490(N)

J Japan human embryonic stem cell research guidelines, 239(N) Institute of Medical Science career structure changes, 488(N) Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, research funding increase, 726(N)

K Kandel, Eric, 1196(N) Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent nuclear antigen oncogenesis mechanism, 1091(NV), 1121 reservoir in great apes, 1107(NV) Kay, Marguerite, 120(N) Kenya, HIV-1 vaccine clinical trial, 951(C) Kety, Seymour S., 727(Obit) Koren, Gideon, 364(N), 485(N), 609(N) Kourilsky, Philippe, 236(N) Kringle 5 lawsuit, 723(N) Krumlauf, Robert, 949(N) Ku80 function, 503(NV)

L Lamins, 136(NV) Langerhans cells, dengue virus target, 748(NV), 816 Large multifunctional proteasome-2, in non-obese diabetic mouse, 1064(L) Lasker Awards, 1073(C), 1082(C), 10878(C) Leishmaniasis, miltefosine treatment, 27(NV) Leptin, diabetes role, 263(NV) Leukemia cell death, superoxide dismutase inhibition, 1105(NV) Life expectancy rankings, 722(N) LIGHT, immunoregulatory functions, mice, 283 Limitin, lymphopoiesis inhibition, 659 Lipid-tagged antibody fragments, as functional cell-surface receptors, 233(NT) Liver disease, hepatocyte transplantation variable therapeutic effect, 320 Liver regeneration bone marrow cells role, 869(NV) Fas engagement, 920 Liver-stage antigen 3, malaria immunization, 1218(NV), 1258 LMNA mutations, 136(NV) Locomotor sensitization, SPARC glycoprotein role, 910 Lupus erythematosus. See Systemic lupus erythematosus Lustgarten Foundation, 605(E)

M Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, sepsis role, 140(NV), 164 Magnetic resonance imaging attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 470 in vivo transgene expression, 256(NV), 351 Magnetic resonance microscopy, amyloid plaques, 20(NV) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy nosologic images, brain tumors, 1287(NT) Magnetofluorescent liposomes, 107(NT) Malaria, 941(E) challenges and initiatives, 941(E) drug target identification, 898 European vaccine research, 234(L) funding increase, Africa, 612(N) immunity target identification, 689 immunization with liver-stage antigen 3, 1218(NV), 1258 MSP-119 vaccine antigen, functional conservation, 91 Nature Medicine Special Focus website, 720(N) P. falciparum hyaluronic acid adhesion, placenta, 25(NV),86 transmission-blocking vaccine development, 241(C) vaccine obstacles, 955(C) Male infertility, spermatogonial cell transplantation, mice, 16(NV) ,29 Malignant glioma therapy, cannabinoid agonists, 255(NV), 313 Mammary gland, iodide transporter expression, 859(NV), 871 Marijuana, opposition to new research rules, 10(N) Maspin angiogenesis inhibition, 196 tumor suppression mechanism, 374(NV) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, neuroscience center, 362(N) Mast cell tryptase, neurogenic inflammation mechanism, PAR2 agonism, 134(NV), 151 Mbeki, Thabo, 843(N) MCP Hahnemann University, censure escape, 724(N) Measles, DNA vaccine, 744(NV), 776, 1062(Err) Medical Research Council, research staff neglect accusation, 725(N) The Medical Scientist Training Program, 605(E) Medulloblastoma, REST/NRSF regulator, 826, 1062(Err) Mendoza, Carmen, 609(N) Meningococcal pathogenesis, functional genomics, 1215(NV), 1269 Mental health research, funding distribution questioned, 237(N) Mesenchymal stem cells, xenogeneic transplantation, site-specific differentiation, 1282 Messenger RNA 3′ untranslated region, pathology 'hotspot?' 637(R) Metastatic tumors. See Tumor metastasis Metformin, fatty liver disease reversal, 998 Mgat5-deficient mice, tumor suppression, 306 MHC class Ib molecules, autoimmune disease link, 215 MHC-peptide multimers, T cell detection and sorting, 707(NT) Michael Polanyi Center, 613(N) Mifepristone, ”off label” research, 1196(N) Miltefosine, leishmaniasis treatment, 27(NV) Minocycline, Huntington disease mortality delay, mice, 797 Mismatch repair, MLH3 identification, 19(NV) MIT neuroscience center, 362(N) Mitochondria, cell death control, 513(R) Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, carbon monoxide anti-inflammatory effects mechanism, 422 Molecular mimicry coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis, 631(NV),693 infection and autoimmune disease model, 215 Molecular population genetics, malaria immunity target identification, 689 Monoclonal antibodies, antitumor therapy, Fc receptors, 373(NV), 443 Montagnier center fate, 235(N) Morphine sensitization, SPARC glycoprotein role, amygdala, 910 MSP-119, functional conservation across Plasmodium species, 91 Mucosal HIV transmission, in vitro models, 475(NT), 607(L) Mucosal immunity, serum IgA and FcαRI interactions, 680 Mucosal SHIV neutralizing antibodies, 129(NV), 200, 207 Multidrug resistance 1 gene, long-term transfer, 624(NV), 652 Multiple sclerosis altered peptide ligand clinical trials, 1098(NV), 1167, 1176 AMPA antagonists in, 15(NV), 62, 67 endogenous sodium channel blocker role, 738(NV), 808 glutamate receptor blockade, 15(NV), 62, 67 multiple approaches, 15(NV), 56, 62, 67 thymic autoreactive T-cell repertoire role, 15(NV), 56 Murine lymphoma model, chemoresistance analysis, 1029 Muscle differentiation, calcium regulation mechanism, 1216(NV) Muscle wasting, NF-κB role, 1216(NV) Muscular dystrophy, gene therapy, golden retrievers, 635(NV) MYCN amplification, caspase 8 suppression role, neuroblastomas, 498(NV), 529 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 'cording' mechanism, 632 (NV) pyrazinamide mechanism, drug design implications, 977(NV), 1043 Mycophenolic acid, HIV-1 replication control, 735(NV),762 Myelin basic protein83-99, MS clinical trials, 1098(NV), 1167, 1176 Myocardial hypertrophy, TAK1 role, transgenic mice, 556 Myocarditis, coxsackievirus mechanism, 429, 631(NV), 693 Myogenesis mechanism, 1216(NV) Myosin light chain kinase, sarcomere organization mediation, 183

N Narcolepsy Hcrt mutation, early onset case, 991 hypocretin peptides, 991 National Cancer Institute, UK readiness question, 357(E), 360(N) National Institutes of Health Challenge Grants, program, 1197(N) clinical research progress report, 1201(C) gender biology research funding, 950(N) graduate student training programs expansion, 847(N) HIV vaccine unit restructurization, 488(N) pharmacogenetics initiative, 487(N) 2001 budget plans announcement, 239(N) Natural killer cells, tumor cell recognition, 867(NV) Neisseria meningitidis pathogenesis, functional genomics, 1215(NV), 1269 Neovascularization thrombospondin-1 inhibition of, signals, 41 See also Angiogenesis Neural plasticity, and premature infant pain memories, 971(NV) Neural stem cells development potential, 747(NV) gene therapy vehicle, brain tumors, 369(C), 447 safety, 369(C) Neural transplantation, 621(B), 634(NV) Neuroblastomas, caspase 8 suppression with MYCN amplification, 498(NV), 529 Neurogenic inflammation, proteinase-activated receptor 2 agonists, 134(NV), 151 Neuronal progenitor cells enhanced green fluorescent protein effect on, 483(L) in vitro neurogenesis, 249(NV), 271, 483(L) retinal dystrophy grafting, rat model, 1211(NV) Neuronal repressor REST/NRSF, medulloblastoma regulator, 826 Neuroprotective autoimmunity, glutamate receptors, 383(NV) Neuroscience research center, MIT gift, 362(N) NF-κB hepatocyte immune function role, 573 muscle wasting role, 1216(NV) NKG2D receptor, tumor cell killing activation, 867(NV) NMDA receptor, immunization against, neuroprotective effects, 383(NV) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1196(N) Non-obese diabetic mouse, proteasome activity, 1064(L) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Alzheimer disease treatment, 973(NV) Nosological images, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, brain tumors, 1287(NT) Notch signaling, hematopoietic stem cell immortalization, 1210(NV), 1278 Novartis (Cambridge, UK), BioTransplant(Boston, US) merger, 1195(N) NREM sleep, neuronal control of, 510(NV) Nuclear envelope, lamins interaction, 136(NV)

O Obesity prevention, respiratory uncoupling prevention strategy, 1092(NV), 1115 Office for Human Research Protection investigations, 946(N) Oka vaccine strain, frequent reactivation evidence, 381(NV), 451 Olfactory ensheathing glia, spinal cord repair, 382(NV) Oligonucleotide arrays. See DNA microarray analysis Olivieri, Nancy, 364(N), 485(N), 609(N) ONYX-015 chemotherapy combination, clinical trial, 862(NV), 879 replication facilitation, 1128 Oral cavity DNA vaccine delivery, fetal lambs, 929 Oral polio vaccine-AIDS theory, contradictory evidence, 1067(N) Oral squamous cell carcinomas, genetics, 141(NV) Orexin, in enteric neurons, 130(NV) Organ culture model, HIV-1 transmission, 475(NT) Organ transplantation. See Transplantation Orphan drugs, NIH Challenge Grants program, 1197(N) 'Orphan receptors', cholesterol homeostasis role, 1104(NV) Osteoclasts, paramyxovirus upregulation of, 387(NV) Osteoporosis, statins potential use, 21(NV) Osteoprotegerin, bone cancer pain treatment, 504(NV) ,521, 838(Err) Osteosclerosis, AP-1 transcription factors role, 970(NV), 980, 985 Otog function, 142(NV)

P P14ARF loss, adenovirus mutant dl1520 replication, 1128 p21, sex-linked lupus development role, 171 p27kip1, anergy role, 290 p53 and adenovirus mutant dl1520 use, 1128 maspin gene regulation, 374(NV) p56lck, coxsackievirus B3-mediated heart disease role, 429 Paget disease, paramyxoviruses role, 387(NV) Pain memories, premature infants, 971(NV) Pancreatic stem cells, insulin-dependent diabetes reversal, 250(NV), 278 Paradoxical sleep, 245(B) Parainfluenza virus type-1, RhoA as antiviral target, 35 Parathyroid hormone, thymus as secondary source of, 860(NV) Parkinson disease glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery, 1207(NV) new models, 387(NV) Pasteur Institute reform, 236(N) Patient safety, HHS criticizes US research centers, 611(N) PDX-1 induced insulin gene expression, hepatocytes, 505(NV), 568 PEA3, HER-1/neu suppression, tumorigenesis inhibition, 189 Pediatric Rule, new drug applications, 1069(N) Pemphigus foliaceus pathogenesis, 869(NV), 1213(NV), 1275 Perforin, familial hemaphagocytic lymphohistiocytosis role, 27(NV) Peripheral vasoconstriction, plethysmographic detection, REM sleep, 606(L) Pharmacogenetics NIH initiative, 487(N) private-public partnerships need, 48(E), 487(N) Photoreceptor disc defects, and retinal disease, 508(NV) Photosensitive epilepsy, 263(NV) Physician scientists concern over numbers of, 605(E) UK plans, 490(N) Physics, and biomedical research, 113(E) Phytomedicines, FY00 congressional priority, 7(N) Pigmentation restoration, gene therapy approach, 27(NV) Pingelapese color blindness, 746(NV) Placebo clinical trial ethics, developing countries, 1198(N) Placental malaria, P. falciparum hyaluronic acid adhesion, 25(NV),86 Plasmodium berghei, δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase as drug target, 898 Plasmodium falciparum hyaluronic acid adhesion, placenta, 25(NV), 86 immunity target identification, 689 liver-stage antigen 3 protection against, 1218(NV), 1258 ring-stage infected erythrocytes, cytoadhesion, 1264 Plasmodium species, MSP-119 functional conservation, 91 Plethysmography, peripheral vasoconstriction detection, REM sleep, 606(L) Pluripotent stem cells insulin-dependent diabetes reversal, 250(NV), 278 See also Human embryonic stem cells Poly-Q tracts, neurodegeneration role, 27(NV) Population genetics, malaria immunity target identification, 689 Positron emission tomography reporter gene expression imaging, 933(NT) tumor-specific antibody fragmentation, 869(NV) Post-transfusion hepatitis, 1082(C) PowerJect vaccine delivery, 1187(NT) PR39, angiogenesis regulation, 49, 356(Err) Pre-eclampsia, neurokinin β link, 750(NV) Pregnancy, trophoblast innate immune response role, 589, 838(Corr) Pregnancy complications, coagulation factors gene mutations, 1220(NV) Premature infants, pain memories, 971(NV) Presenilin mutations, capacitative calcium entry downregulation, 1220(NV) Prion protein. See also Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy amyloidoses link, 751(R) human enteric nervous system expression, 840(L) normal function, 1107(NV) Private-public partnerships, 481(E), 617(C) Proline racemase, T. cruzi B-cell mitogen, 865(NV), 890 Prostate cancer androgen escape mechanism, 628(NV), 703, 939(Err) doxorubicin-peptide 'prodrug' selectivity, 1248 trogliatozine therapeutic potential, 1107(NV) Prostate-specific antigen, peptide-doxorubicin 'prodrug' activation, tumor cell killing, 1248 Proteasome activity, non-obese diabetic mouse, 27(NV), 1064(L) Proteinase-activated receptor 2 agonists, neurogenic inflammation, 134(NV), 151 Public health HIV health care needs link, 261(NV) public-private partnerships for, 617(C) Public-private partnerships, 481(E), 617(C) PubMed Central, 496(N) Pulmonary hypertension reversal, serine elastase inhibitor, 698 Pyrazinamide, fatty acid synthetase I inhibition, 977(NV), 1043

Q The Quest trial, 1194(L)

R Radioiodide, in breast cancer, 859(NV), 871 RAGE regulation amyloidosis mechanism, 633(NV), 643 cancer suppression, 635(NV) Reactive oxygen species, cancer therapy target, 1105(NV) Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector, cis-activation strategy, 595(NT) REM sleep, peripheral vasoconstriction, plethysmographic detection, 606(L) Renal cell carcinoma blood stem cell treatment, 1107(NV) tumor cell-dendritic cell hybrid vaccine, 252(NV), 332 Renault, Beatrice, 4(N) Reporter gene expression, PET imaging, 933(NT) Research!America, 613(N) Research data access, White House OMB rules, 8(N) Research ethics, 615(C) Respiratory syncytial virus, RhoA as antiviral target, 35 REST/NRSF, medulloblastoma regulator, 826, 1062(Err) Retinal disease, photoreceptor disc defect link, 508(NV) Retinal dystrophy, neural grafts, rat model, 1211(NV) Retinitis pigmentosa, diltiazem rod photoreceptor rescue, 116(L) Retinoblastoma-E2F pathway, KSHV oncogenesis mechanism, 1091(NV), 1121 Retinoblastoma protein, destabilization by gankyrin overexpression, 96 Retinoid X receptor heterodimers, cholesterol regulation, 1104 Rheumatoid arthritis, CD40 agonist antibody treatment, 629(NV), 673 RhoA-derived peptide, syncytium formation inhibition, 35 Rhodopsin, and light-induced retinal degeneration, 508(NV) Rituximab, 373(NV),443 'River theory,' 489(N) Rod photoreceptor rescue, diltiazem use, 116(L) Royal Society 'River theory' discussion,489(N)

S S-phase cells, visualization, 387(NV) Sachs, Jeffrey, 491(N) Salem witch trials, 127(B) Salk-UCSD institute? 489(N) Santos, Eugenio, 238(N) Sarcomere organization, myosin light chain kinase mediation, hypertrophy, 183 Sarcoplasmic reticulum function, heart failure, 942(L) Schizophrenia, genetics, 253(NV) SCID-hu immunocompetent mice, antigen-specific immune response, 103(NT) Scientific misconduct, 946(N) Scrapie, follicular dendritic cells role, 719(L) Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, wound healing role, 1147 Selective estrogen receptor modulators, 960(C) Sepsis macrophage migration inhibitory factor role, 140(NV),164 superoxide anions role, 979(NV) Serine elastase inhibitors, pulmonary hypertension reversal 698 Severe combined immunodeficiency disease CD45 mutations, 343 gene therapy, 623(NV) Sex differences. See Gender differences Shelby law, 121(N) Shiga toxigenic infections, 'probiotic' treatment, 257(NV), 265 Sickle cell disease, gene therapy, mouse model, 139(NV), 177 Signature-tagged mutagenesis, N. meningitidis, 1215(NV), 1269 Simian-human immunodeficiency virus IgG mucosal protection, 129(NV), 200, 207 vaccine advance, 1220(NV) Simian immunodeficiency virus, primary infection viremia control, 1094(NV), 1140 Simvastatin, angiogenesis promotion, molecular pathway, 965(NV), 1004 Single-chain antibody fragments, lipid-tagging method, 223(NT) Skin grafts, combined costimulatory blockade failure, 115(L) Skin stem cells, hair follicular epithelial cells as source of, 1095(NV) Sleep-promoting neurons, identification of, 510(NV) Sodium channel blocker, demyelinating disease role, 738(NV), 808 South Africa HIV/AIDS policy inactivity, 843(N) HIV mixed messages, 1200(N) HIV vaccine trial, 1199(N), 1200(N) HLA types, 3(L) Soybeans, infant leukemias role, 512(NV) Space travel-induced bone loss, 635(NV) Spain oncology center under threat, 847(N) oncology research centers, 238(N) Oncology Research Institute's scientists win reprieve, 485(N) 'Spanish' influenza pandemic of 1918, 12(B) SPARC glycoprotein, morphine sensitization mechanism, 910 Spermatogonial transplantation, fertility restoration, mice, 16(NV),29 Sphingosine-1-phosphate therapy, oocyte apoptosis suppression, 1100(NV), 1109 Spinal cord injury functional recovery definition, 358(L) human olfactory ensheathing glial cell transplants, 382(NV) Split AAV vectors strategy, 599(NT) Squamous cell carcinoma, gene therapy clinical trial, 862(NV), 879 Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome, 1213(NV), 1275 Statins anabolic effects on bone, 21(NV) angiogenesis promotion, Akt activation, 965(NV), 1004 Stem cells developmental potential, 747(NV) p27kip1 effects, 1235 somatic support cells regulation of, 1220(NV) See also Human embryonic stem cells Stop TB program, 491(N) Stowers Institute, 949(N) Straus, Stephen, 240(N) Streptococcus pyrogenes crystal structure features, 387(NV) toxic shock syndrome protection, 414 Stress, and depression, 733(B) Stroke, neuroprotective autoimmunity, glutamate receptors, 383(NV) Stromal cell derived factor-1, T-cell repulsive response to, 543 Sudden cardiac death, HF-1b null mice, 968(NV) Superantigen, therapeutic peptide antagonist, 378(NV),414 'Supercourse' proposal, 358(L) Superoxide dismutase inhibition, cancer therapy, 1105(NV) Systemic lupus erythematosus p21 role, model, 171 and thymocyte positive selection disruption, 259(NV),298 Systemic sclerosis, human cytomegalovirus late protein UL94 link, 1183

T T cell receptor excision circle, HIV infection, 976(NV),1036 T cells activation domain, 378(NV),414 active repulsive response to chemokine, 543 antigen-specific suppression, 782 B-cell malignancies induction of immunogenic peptides, 667 CD4 activation, video microscopy, 1097(NV) chronic myelogenous leukemia elimination, 1018 cytokines effect, graft rejection, 497(NV), 549 detection and sorting, 707(NT) homeostasis of, HIV impact, 976(NV) ,1036 p21 role in proliferation of, 171 p27kip1 anergy role, 290 paradoxical inhibition, CTLA-4 blockade, 211 tumor cell target recognition, 867(NV) virus- and tumor-specificity detection, 1056(NT) TAK1, heart failure role, transgenic mice, 556 Tamoxifen, estrogen receptor biology, 960(C) Telomerase-deficient mouse, 849(C), 852(C) Telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA transfected dendritic cells, tumor immunity, 966(NV), 1011 Telomere biology, human versus mouse, cancer, 849(C), 852(C) TERT RNA transfected dendritic cells, tumor immunization, 966(NV),1011 3′ untranslated mRNA region, pathology 'hotspot,' 637(R) Thromboembolic complications, CD40 ligand blockade, 114(L) Thrombospondin-1, neovascularization inhibition, signals, 41 Thromboxane A2 receptor, intrauterine growth retardation role, 219 Thymic dysfunction impact, HIV infection, 976(NV), 1036 Thymic T-cell repertoire, and multiple sclerosis, 15(NV), 56 Thymocytes, autoimmune disease mechanism, 259(NV), 298 Thymus, parathyroid hormone source, 860(NV) Toxic shock syndrome protection, superantigen antagonist, 378(NV), 414 TRAIL, apoptosis induction, normal human hepatocytes, 502(NV), 564 Transcription factors, cellular transformation regulation, 742(NV) Transfusion-associated hepatitis, 1082(C) Transgene expression, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, 256(NV), 351 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies follicular dendritic cells role yeast prions, 751(R) Transplantation allocation squabble, US, 611(N) combined costimulatory blockade failure, 115(L) cytokine regulation, 497(NV),549 hepatocyte variable therapeutic effect, 320 HIV patients, 365(N) nerve cells, 621(B), 634(NV) neuronal progenitor cells, hippocampus, 249(NV), 271 pancreatic stem cells, 250(NV), 278 and secondary lymphoid tissue absence, immunologic 'ignorance,' 686 Trastuzumab, 373(NV),443 Troglitazone, prostate cancer protection, 1107(NV) Trophoblast, pregnancy-specific innate immune system component, 589, 838(Corr) Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease mechanism, 865(NV), 890 Trypanosome survival, cell death relationship, 142(NV) Trypsin, neurogenic inflammation role, PAR2 agonism, 134(NV),151 Tuberculosis 'cording' mechanism, pcaA, 632(NV) isocitrate lyase role, 979(NV) pyrazinamide mechanism, drug design implications, 977(NV), 1043 Stop TB initiative, 491(NV) Tumor cells, natural killer cell attack mechanism, 867(NV) Tumor growth suppression, Mgat5 role, 306 Tumor metastasis chemotherapy dosage design, 500(NV) Fc receptors cytotoxicity modulation, 373, 443 intravascular endothelial origin, model, 100 maspin gene mechanism, 374(NV) mechanisms, 500(NV) Mgat5 inhibitors role, 306 Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. See TRAIL Tumorigenesis, HER-2/neu overexpression suppression, 189 Type I diabetes pancreatic stem cell reversal of, 250(NV),278 PDX-1-induced insulin gene expression, hepatocytes, 505(NV),568 proteasome defect, 27(NV),1064(L) Type II diabetes CAPN10 gene association, 1107(NV) glucose transporter 4 importance, 924 skeletal muscle respiratory uncoupling prevention strategy, 1092(NV),1115 Typhoon Lengkieki, 746(NV) Tyrosine phosphatase CD45 gene mutations, and SCID, 343 Tyrosinemia type I, hematopoietic stem cell therapy, 1212(NV),1229

U Ubiquitin system, 1073(C) Ulcerative colitis, interferon 6 trans signaling role, 583 Ultrasound, glucose transdermal monitoring, 347 UN peacekeeping troops, AIDS threat, 949(N) UNAIDS, HIV vaccine guidelines, 363(N) Uncoupling protein expression, obesity prevention, 1092(NV),1115 United Nations, HIV/AIDS threat to world peace acknowledged, 117(N) University of California San Francisco, gender discrimination charge, 359(N) University of Nebraska Medical Center, fetal stem cell research threatened, 119(N)

V Vaccination global initiative, 238(N) Welfare-based sanctions program expanded, 119(N) Vaccines commercial boost, 363(N) dendritic cells-renal carcinoma cells, tumor regression, 252(NV),332 functional antibody design, 123(C) global initiative, 238(N) needle-free powder delivery, 11878(NT) Third World development, industry perspective, 723(N) Varicella-zoster Oka vaccine, 381(NV),451 Vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenesis mechanism, 131(NV) angio-genesis or angiogenesis stimulation? 1102(NV) ischemic peripheral neuropathy therapeutic angiogenesis, 379(NV), 405 Vascular grafts, cytokine regulation, 497(NV), 549 Vascular leakage protection, angiopoietin-1, 460 Vascular smooth muscle cells, Fas/FADD-mediated inflammation, 790 Ventricular cardiomyocytes, HF-1b null mice, 968(NV) Ventrolateral preoptic hypothalamic region, sleep control, 510(NV) Veronesi, Unberto, 610(N) Vesicular stomatitis virus, oncolytic effects, 821 West Nile virus, US resurgence anticipated, 947(N) Women clinical trials enrollment progress, 612(N) HIV-1 genetic diversity, 23(NV),71 NIH gender biology research funding, 950(N) Women in science, 1089(B) World AIDS Conference, 613(N),839(E) World Health Organization HIV drug policy attacked, 726(N) institutional framework problems, 481(E), 491(N) Stop TB participation, 491(N) Wound healing, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor role, 1147 Wounds, tumor similarity, angiogenesis, 979(NV) Xenogeneic endothelial cells, antitumor immunotherapy, 1160 Xenotransplantation, 963(B) cytokine regulation of, 497(NV),549 hepatocytes, hepatitis infection model, 327 Novartis-BioTransplant merger signals research shift, 1195(N) UKXIRA delays potential trial approvals, 10(N) Yeast prions, 751(R)