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Crucial importance of PKC-β(I) in LFA-1–mediated locomotion of activated T cells

Nature Immunology volume 2, pages 508–514 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

Crawling T cell locomotion in which activated lymphocyte function–associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) integrins participate is associated with translocation of the protein kinase C-β (PKC-β) isoenzyme to the microtubule cytoskeleton. In normal T cells and T lymphoma cell lines, this type of motility is accompanied by PKC-β–sensitive cytoskeletal rearrangements and the formation of trailing cell extensions, which are supported by microtubules. Expression of PKC-β(I) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in nonmotile PKC-β–deficient T cells restored their locomotory behavior in response to a triggering stimulus delivered via LFA-1 and correlated directly with the degree of cell polarization. We have also shown that PKC-β(I) is a component of the tubulin-enriched LFA-1–cytoskeletal complex assembled upon LFA-1 cross-linking. These observations may have physiological equivalents at advanced (post-integrin activation) stages of lymphocyte extravasation.

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Figure 1: Activated PBTLs show PKC-β–dependent locomotory behavior on rICAM-1 that is associated with a polarized cell morphology.
Figure 2: Expression of PKC-β in T cells determines the development of a polarized locomotory phenotype upon activation via LFA-1.
Figure 3: K4.β(I).EGFP cells regain the locomotory behavior when triggered via LFA-1.
Figure 4: PKC-β(I) expression in individual cells quantitatively correlates to cell polarity.
Figure 5: PKC-β(I) distribution dynamics in K4.β(I).EGFP cells activated with anti–LFA-1.
Figure 6: Intracellular localization of PKC-β(I) in relation to the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Figure 7: Confocal microscopic images of normal PBTLs and HUT78 T lymphoma cells migrating on rICAM-1.
Figure 8: Characterization of the multicomponent signaling–cytoskeleton complex assembled upon LFA-1 cross-linking.

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Acknowledgements

We thank E. Caron and A. Hall for help in establishing microinjection techniques, N. Saito for advice in GFP plasmid methodology and J. Andrews for sharing experience in T cell transfection. Supported by the grants from the Health Research Board of Ireland, Enterprise Ireland and Wellcome Trust.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Trinity College, Dublin, 8, Ireland

    Y. Volkov & D. Kelleher

  2. Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, 8, Ireland

    Y. Volkov, S. McGrath, D. Ni Eidhin & D. Kelleher

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland

    A. Long

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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Volkov.

Supplementary information

Web Movie 1.

Activated T cells migrating on ICAM-1. Normal human peripheral blood T cells (PBTLs) isolated and activated as described in the Methods triggered via immobilized recombinant ICAM-1 display locomotory behavior associated with cell polarization. Locomotory PBTLs are characterized by a remarkably higher degree of polarity compared to the cell failing to undergo net body translocation. This locomotion type commences after initial cell spreading and firm adhesion and thereby is likely to provide adequate resistance to externally applied shear forces, e.g. such as vascular flow. Cells move at apparently random directions due to the absence of exogenous chemotactic stimulation. Frames collected over 115 min with 0.7–0.75 min intervals. Scale bar, 30 μm. (AVI 3276 kb)

Web Movie 2.

Fast-mode migration of nonactivated T cells on ICAM-1. Freshly isolated nonactivated normal human PBTLs are capable of rapid (over 10 μm/min) migration on ICAM-1 ligands. This type of T cell motility is characterized by significantly lower strength of adhesive ligand/receptor bonds compared to the locomotion of activated T lymphocytes (see also Web Movie 1), as cells in this case can be removed from the ICAM-1–covered surface even by gentle washing with warm culture medium. Frames collected over 25 min with 2.8–3.0 s frame intervals. Scale bar, 30 μm. (AVI 2246 kb)

Web Movie 3.

T cell locomotion on ICAM-1 is PKC-β-dependent. Normal human peripheral blood T cells isolated and activated as described in the Methods triggered via immobilized recombinant ICAM-1 (see also Web Movie 1) kept in the presence of the PKC-β selective inhibitor LY379196. None of the cells undergo significant translocation over a 3 h observation period. However, the cells remain adherent and are capable of producing multiple short-living pseudopodial structures. Frames collected over 180 min with a 40 min break during the observation period. (AVI 1488 kb)

Web Movie 4.

Human T lymphoma cells migrating on anti-LFA-1. Cells of the HUT78 human T lymphoma line (constitutively activated phenotype) triggered by motility-inducing LFA-1 antibodies display locomotory behavior similar to that observed in migrating activated normal T cells. Temporary decrease of locomotion speed and elongation of trailing cellular extension is especially pronounced in the cells migrating through constricted spaces, e.g. between two adjacent adherent cells (arrow). Frames collected over 180 min with 3.0–3.5 min frame intervals. Scale bar, 50 μm. (AVI 326 kb)

Web Movie 5.

Human T lymphoma cells migrating on ICAM-1. HUT78 (human T lymphoma cells) exposed to a locomotion-triggering stimulus via immobilized recombinant ICAM-1-Fc molecules develop a highly polarized motile phenotype, similarly to normal human peripheral blood T cells (see also Web Movie 1). The observed phenomena also closely resemble those registered using HUT78 on motility-inducing LFA-1 antibodies (see also Web Movie 4). Frames collected over 60 min with 0.8 min frame intervals. Scale bar, 50 μm. (AVI 1135 kb)

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Volkov, Y., Long, A., McGrath, S. et al. Crucial importance of PKC-β(I) in LFA-1–mediated locomotion of activated T cells. Nat Immunol 2, 508–514 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/88700

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