This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Pruitt, J. N. & Goodnight, C. J. Site-specific group selection drives locally adapted group compositions. Nature 514, 359–362 (2014)
Gardner, A. & Grafen, A. Capturing the superorganism: a formal theory of group adaptation. J. Evol. Biol. 22, 659–671 (2009)
Hamilton, W. D. In Biosocial Anthropology (ed. Fox, R. ) 133–155 (Wiley, 1975)
Okasha, S. Evolution and the Levels of Selection (Oxford Univ. Press, 2006)
Maynard Smith, J. In The Latest on the Best: Essays on Evolution and Optimality (ed. Dupré, J. ) 147–149 (MIT, 1987)
Frank, S. A. Foundations of Social Evolution (Princeton Univ. Press, 1998)
Leigh, E. G. How does selection reconcile individual advantage with the good of the group? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74, 4542–4546 (1977)
Frank, S. A. Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation. Evolution 57, 693–705 (2003)
Wenseleers, T. & Ratnieks, F. L. W. Enforced altruism in insect societies. Nature 444, 50 (2006)
West, S. A. Sex Allocation (Princeton Univ. Press, 2009)
Hamilton, W. D. Extraordinary sex ratios. Science 156, 477–488 (1967)
Frank, S. A. Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. I. General solutions for structured populations. Theor. Popul. Biol. 29, 312–342 (1986)
Reece, S. E., Drew, D. R. & Gardner, A. Sex ratio adjustment and kin discrimination in malaria parasites. Nature 453, 609–614 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
L.G., J.D.J.G. and T.B. authored this paper; L.G. performed statistical analyses.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing financial interests.
PowerPoint slides
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gardner, A. Group selection versus group adaptation. Nature 524, E3–E4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14596
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14596
This article is cited by
-
The foundress’s dilemma: group selection for cooperation among queens of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex californicus
Scientific Reports (2016)
-
Pruitt & Goodnight reply
Nature (2015)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.