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Poor reproduction in forest passerines from decline of snail abundance on acidified soils

Nature volume 368, pages 446–448 (1994)Cite this article

Abstract

ON poor, acidified soils in The Netherlands, an increasing number of great tits, Parus major, and other forest passerines, produce eggs with thin and porous shells1. Here we show that the egg-shell defects, and the related high incidence of clutch desertion and empty nests, are caused by calcium deficiency, that snail shells are the main calcium source for the laying female, but that snails are scarce on poor soils. Similar laying irregularities in birds are reported from acidified regions elsewhere in Europe2–4. We provide evidence that snails declined by a decrease in soil calcium on poor soils. Acid deposition is the main cause for decreasing calcium levels in such soils5–7. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence for calcium limitation in wild birds and it reveals a previously overlooked mechanism by which acidification affects higher trophic levels of the forest ecosystem.

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Author notes

  1. J. Graveland

    Present address: Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, PO Box 23, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG, Heteren, The Netherlands

    J. Graveland, J. H. van Balen & A. J. van Noordwijk

  2. Zoological Laboratory, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA, Haren, The Netherlands

    R. van der Wal

Authors
  1. J. Graveland
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  2. R. van der Wal
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  3. J. H. van Balen
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  4. A. J. van Noordwijk
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Graveland, J., van der Wal, R., van Balen, J. et al. Poor reproduction in forest passerines from decline of snail abundance on acidified soils. Nature 368, 446–448 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1038/368446a0

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