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| Open AccessThree-dimensional liquid metal-based neuro-interfaces for human hippocampal organoids
Providing a suitable multi-electrode array (MEA) for free-floating neural organoids is a great challenge. Here, authors present a mesh soft stretchable MEA for recording neural signals in human hippocampal organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.
- Yan Wu
- , Jinhao Cheng
- & Xingyu Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessNonuniform and pathway-specific laminar processing of spatial frequencies in the primary visual cortex of primates
The uniformity of laminar processing in a cortex remains not fully understood. Here authors show that high spatial frequency stimuli elicit distinct active patterns across V1 layers, arising from multiple mechanisms involving M and P pathways.
- Tian Wang
- , Weifeng Dai
- & Dajun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessThe basal forebrain to lateral habenula circuitry mediates social behavioral maladaptation
Maladaptive fear is linked to many neuropsychiatric disorders, while its neural basis is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that the hyperactivity of the basal forebrain to lateral habenula glutamatergic circuit is crucial for social fear behavior.
- Jun Wang
- , Qian Yang
- & Han Xu
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Article
| Open AccessEffects of SPI1-mediated transcriptome remodeling on Alzheimer’s disease-related phenotypes in mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis
Although SPI1 gene was identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, its role in the disease remains unclear. Here, the authors show that decreasing SPI1 level exacerbates disease symptoms, whereas increasing its level ameliorates phenotypes.
- Byungwook Kim
- , Luke Child Dabin
- & Jungsu Kim
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Article
| Open AccessCerebellar Purkinje cells in male macaques combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self-motion
Neural basis of the sensory suppression signal required to cancel peripheral vestibular input is not fully understood. Here authors show that cerebellar Purkinje cells combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self-motion, thereby establishing how vestibular reafference is distinguished to cancel self-generated sensory input.
- Omid A. Zobeiri
- & Kathleen E. Cullen
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Article
| Open AccessConsensus-building conversation leads to neural alignment
Conversation is a primary means of social influence, but its effects on the brain aren’t well-understood. Here, the authors find evidence that people who are central in their social networks facilitate consensus-building conversations that align future brain activity.
- Beau Sievers
- , Christopher Welker
- & Thalia Wheatley
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Article
| Open AccessSex affects transcriptional associations with schizophrenia across the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and caudate nucleus
Schizophrenia research has traditionally overlooked sex differences. Here, the authors show the importance of sex-based analysis across multi-brain regions by identifying sex-specific genes and genetic interactions in schizophrenia and sex-specific risk.
- Kynon J. M. Benjamin
- , Ria Arora
- & Jennifer A. Erwin
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Article
| Open AccessDistributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy are synergistic
Whether prediction errors are encoded by synergistic information across the cortex is unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that distributed representations of prediction errors across the cortex can be highly synergistic.
- Frank Gelens
- , Juho Äijälä
- & Andres Canales-Johnson
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Article
| Open AccessShared EEG correlates between non-REM parasomnia experiences and dreams
Sleepwalking and related parasomnias are associated with partial awakenings out of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Here the authors show that when sleepwalkers have dream-like experiences during their episodes, they display brain activity patterns that resemble those previously described for dreams.
- Jacinthe Cataldi
- , Aurélie M. Stephan
- & Francesca Siclari
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Article
| Open AccessSpontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in vivo reveals differential cortico-entorhinal functional connectivity
Cortico-entorhinal interactions remain poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a model of interacting networks predicts spontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in the medial, but not lateral, entorhinal cortex in vivo.
- Krishna Choudhary
- , Sven Berberich
- & Mayank R. Mehta
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Article
| Open AccessRepression of developmental transcription factor networks triggers aging-associated gene expression in human glial progenitor cells
Human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) lose mitotic competence with age. Here, the authors show that with maturation, adult hGPCs acquire a set of transcriptional repressors that actively suppress developmental gene expression.
- John N. Mariani
- , Benjamin Mansky
- & Steven A. Goldman
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Article
| Open AccessSpecific exercise patterns generate an epigenetic molecular memory window that drives long-term memory formation and identifies ACVR1C as a bidirectional regulator of memory in mice
Exercise has beneficial effects on cognition. Here, authors utilize an exercise model to show ACVR1C to be an essential bidirectional regulator of memory and synaptic plasticity in adult, aging and 5xFAD mice beyond the context of exercise.
- Ashley A. Keiser
- , Tri N. Dong
- & Marcelo A. Wood
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Article
| Open AccessPharmacological inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation within liquid condensates
Aggregated forms of α-synuclein are characteristic of Parkinson’s disease. Here the authors show that the condensation-driven aggregation pathway of α-synuclein can be inhibited using small molecules: the aminosterol claramine stabilizes α-synuclein condensates and inhibits α-synuclein primary nucleation in the aggregation process.
- Samuel T. Dada
- , Zenon Toprakcioglu
- & Michele Vendruscolo
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Article
| Open AccessA non-image-forming visual circuit mediates the innate fear of heights in male mice
The neural basis underlying fear of heights is not well understood. Here the authors identify, in mice, a subcortical route for innate fear of heights, bypassing the primary visual cortex.
- Wei Shang
- , Shuangyi Xie
- & Xiao-Bing Yuan
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Article
| Open AccessMultiplexed representation of others in the hippocampal CA1 subfield of female mice
How the position of conspecifics is represented in the brain is not fully understood. Here authors show that the position of conspecifics is represented relative to self-position in the hippocampus of female mice, which is modulated by context and identity and improved through learning.
- Xiang Zhang
- , Qichen Cao
- & Chenglin Miao
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Article
| Open AccessDisease related changes in ATAC-seq of iPSC-derived motor neuron lines from ALS patients and controls
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is highly heritable but the mechanisms of sporadic ALS are not fully understood. In this study, the authors identify drivers of variation and disease-relevant changes in the epigenomic profile of iPSC-derived motor neuron lines generated from ALS patients and healthy controls as part of the Answer ALS program.
- Stanislav Tsitkov
- , Kelsey Valentine
- & Ernest Fraenkel
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Article
| Open AccessA sparse quantized hopfield network for online-continual memory
Brains and neuromorphic systems learn with local learning rules in online-continual learning scenarios. Designing neural networks that learn effectively under these conditions is challenging. The authors introduce a neural network that implements an effective, principled approach to local, online-continual learning on associative memory tasks.
- Nicholas Alonso
- & Jeffrey L. Krichmar
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Article
| Open AccessEye movements track prioritized auditory features in selective attention to natural speech
Anatomical overlap of respective brain regions suggests a joint network for attention and eye movements. Here, the authors show that gaze aligns with the acoustics of attended natural speech and differentiates between a target and a distractor in a cocktail party scenario.
- Quirin Gehmacher
- , Juliane Schubert
- & Nathan Weisz
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Article
| Open AccessCerebrospinal fluid reference proteins increase accuracy and interpretability of biomarkers for brain diseases
CSF biomarker concentrations may be influenced by non-disease related interindividual variability. Here, the authors show that reference proteins can capture this variability and enhance the accuracy of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers.
- Linda Karlsson
- , Jacob Vogel
- & Oskar Hansson
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Article
| Open AccessLarge-language models facilitate discovery of the molecular signatures regulating sleep and activity
The knowledge in the large language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, is elicited to facilitate the discovery of MRE11 in regulating sleep in the presence of conspecifics by a multi-object video tracking system.
- Di Peng
- , Liubin Zheng
- & Luoying Zhang
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| Open AccessA role for nNOS in mediating stress and female sexual behavior in mice
Developmental stress can detrimentally affect adult female reproductive behavior, influencing sexual receptivity and fertility. Recent work has demonstrated neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS)-promoted NO release in the ventromedial hypothalamus as a nexus between pre-pubertal stress and adult sexual behavior in mice.
- Konstantina Chachlaki
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Article
| Open AccessOptochemical control of slow-wave sleep in the nucleus accumbens of male mice by a photoactivatable allosteric modulator of adenosine A2A receptors
The nucleus accumbens integrates sleep and motivation in mice. Here, the authors show sleep induction by increasing the activity of extracellular adenosine from astrocytes and neurons at A2A receptors with a photoactivatable allosteric modulator.
- Koustav Roy
- , Xuzhao Zhou
- & Michael Lazarus
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Article
| Open AccessStress during pubertal development affects female sociosexual behavior in mice
Evidence suggests that stress during development might lead to sexual dysfunction. Here, authors show that pubertal stress disrupted female sexual behavior by reducing activation of nitric oxide synthase-expressing neurons in response to male cues.
- Yassine Bentefour
- & Julie Bakker
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Article
| Open AccessDopamine signaling enriched striatal gene set predicts striatal dopamine synthesis and physiological activity in vivo
Here, the authors report that schizophrenia risk variants mapping to a striatal dopamine-related gene set are associated with increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and increased striatal activity during reward anticipation in humans.
- Leonardo Sportelli
- , Daniel P. Eisenberg
- & Giulio Pergola
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Article
| Open AccessAlternative splicing controls teneurin-3 compact dimer formation for neuronal recognition
This study reveals how two splice inserts alter the conformation and dimeric arrangement of the teneurin-3 extracellular region. These insights elucidate the role of teneurin isoforms in neuronal recognition and circuit wiring.
- Christos Gogou
- , J. Wouter Beugelink
- & Dimphna H. Meijer
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Article
| Open AccessMitochondrial complex I deficiency stratifies idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease can be stratified according to the severity of neuronal respiratory complex I deficiency. The emerging disease subtypes show distinct molecular and clinical profiles.
- Irene H. Flønes
- , Lilah Toker
- & Charalampos Tzoulis
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Article
| Open AccessAstroglial Kir4.1 potassium channel deficit drives neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral defects in Fragile X syndrome mouse model
Fragile X syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder with altered neuronal excitability and behavior. Here, the authors show that dysfunction of astroglial Kir4.1 potassium channels drives neuronal and behavioral impairments in a fragile X mouse model.
- Danijela Bataveljic
- , Helena Pivonkova
- & Nathalie Rouach
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Article
| Open AccessHuman connectome topology directs cortical traveling waves and shapes frequency gradients
The factors that determine the direction of traveling waves in the brain are not well understood. Here, the authors show that the sum of incoming structural connection strengths shape both traveling wave direction and frequency gradients.
- Dominik P. Koller
- , Michael Schirner
- & Petra Ritter
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Article
| Open AccessA cluster-randomized trial of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions on stress and epigenetic programming
A regulated stress response is essential for healthy child growth and development. Here, the authors show that a nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention enhanced adaptive responses of the physiological stress system in early childhood.
- Audrie Lin
- , Andrew N. Mertens
- & Douglas A. Granger
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic corticothalamic modulation of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuit during wakefulness
Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6CT) neurons provide feedback that shapes signaling in sensory pathways. Here, authors show that L6CT neurons are bi-directional modulators of thalamocortical signaling, in a manner dependent upon both L6CT magnitude and synchronization
- Elaida D. Dimwamwa
- , Aurélie Pala
- & Garrett B. Stanley
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Article
| Open AccessCross-modality mapping using image varifolds to align tissue-scale atlases to molecular-scale measures with application to 2D brain sections
Omics data’s diversity and high-dimensionality challenge integration across technologies and with imaging. Here, authors introduce mapping method xIV-LDDMM that estimates geometric and feature transformations to integrate tissue-scale atlases with molecular and cellular-scale data.
- Kaitlin M. Stouffer
- , Alain Trouvé
- & Michael I. Miller
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Article
| Open AccessDisordered clock protein interactions and charge blocks turn an hourglass into a persistent circadian oscillator
Many clock proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions, but how these regions mediate protein interactions is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify charge blocks within a disordered clock protein that regulate circadian timing.
- Meaghan S. Jankowski
- , Daniel Griffith
- & Jennifer M. Hurley
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional connectivity development along the sensorimotor-association axis enhances the cortical hierarchy
Human cortical maturation is organized along the sensorimotor-association axis. Here, the authors investigate in multiple cohorts if the development of functional connectivity during adolescence conforms to this hierarchy.
- Audrey C. Luo
- , Valerie J. Sydnor
- & Theodore D. Satterthwaite
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Article
| Open AccessCortex-wide transcranial localization microscopy with fluorescently labeled red blood cells
Existing neuroimaging tools are still hampered by restricted field-of-view, slow imaging speed or suboptimal spatial resolution. Here, the authors present a fluorescence localization imaging approach aided by sparsely-labeled red blood cells for cortex-wide morphological and functional cerebral angiography with high spatiotemporal resolution.
- Quanyu Zhou
- , Chaim Glück
- & Zhenyue Chen
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Article
| Open AccessSingle cell tracing of Pomc neurons reveals recruitment of ‘Ghost’ subtypes with atypical identity in a mouse model of obesity
Whether and how hypothalamic neurons can lose or change their identity in adulthood has remained elusive. Here, the authors show that mature pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) neurons contain invisible ‘Ghost’ subsets with atypical identities that are recruited in response to obesogenic stimuli.
- Stéphane Leon
- , Vincent Simon
- & Carmelo Quarta
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Article
| Open AccessKalium channelrhodopsins effectively inhibit neurons
Kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs) are promising tools for optogenetic silencing. Here, the authors show that KCRs inhibit cellular excitability in flies, worms, and fish, establishing them as first-line tools for inhibiting diverse types of excitable cells.
- Stanislav Ott
- , Sangyu Xu
- & Adam Claridge-Chang
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Article
| Open AccessSynergism between two BLA-to-BNST pathways for appropriate expression of anxiety-like behaviors in male mice
How distinct circuits get coordinated to allow individuals to express appropriate level of anxiety is unclear. Here, authors show there are two functionally opposing BLA-BNST pathways interacting via the local inhibitory networks to enable anxiety expression with environmental needs.
- Ren-Wen Han
- , Zi-Yi Zhang
- & Bing-Xing Pan
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Article
| Open AccessAltered grid-like coding in early blind people
The contribution of visual experience to the formation of cognitive maps in humans is not well understood. Here, the authors show using fMRI and an imagined navigation paradigm, that sighted people display hexagonal grid-like neural coding, while blind people show neural representations consistent with a square grid.
- Federica Sigismondi
- , Yangwen Xu
- & Roberto Bottini
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional synergy of a human-specific and an ape-specific metabolic regulator in human neocortex development
Cell metabolism has emerged as a major factor implicated in human brain evolution. Here, the authors show that an ape-specific enzyme enhances the ability of a human-specific enzyme to increase glutaminolysis and therefore expand the size of the human neocortex.
- Lei Xing
- , Vasiliki Gkini
- & Takashi Namba
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Article
| Open AccessGoal-directed and flexible modulation of syllable sequence within birdsong
Birdsong contains strings of syllables and is essential for their communication. Using a new song decoder to annotates song in a quasi-real-time manner, and rewarding specific syllable sequences, this study shows Bengalese finches can flexibly modify the content of their song in a goal-directed way.
- Takuto Kawaji
- , Mizuki Fujibayashi
- & Kentaro Abe
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Article
| Open AccessBrightness illusions drive a neuronal response in the primary visual cortex under top-down modulation
The neural mechanisms underpinning visual illusions remains poorly understood. Here, the authors recorded the neural responses of mouse primary visual cortex to illusory grating and found delayed responses to illusory brightness, showing that optogenetic inhibition of higher visual areas reduced V1 response to illusions but not to real gratings.
- Alireza Saeedi
- , Kun Wang
- & Masataka Watanabe
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Article
| Open AccessIntracellular magnesium optimizes transmission efficiency and plasticity of hippocampal synapses by reconfiguring their connectivity
How synapses at dendrites are organized to optimize information processing remains elusive. Here, the authors found that intracellular magnesium optimizes transmission, plasticity, and coding capacity of synapses by reconfiguring their connectivity at dendrites.
- Hang Zhou
- , Guo-Qiang Bi
- & Guosong Liu
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Article
| Open AccessPrediction error processing and sharpening of expected information across the face-processing hierarchy
Perception and neural processing of sensory information are influenced by prior expectations. Here the authors show investigate how prior expectations contribute to face processing in the brain.
- Annika Garlichs
- & Helen Blank
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Article
| Open AccessDiverse and asymmetric patterns of single-neuron projectome in regulating interhemispheric connectivity
How interhemispheric connections are organized and how interhemispheric communication are regulated are not fully understood. Here authors delineate the diverse single-neuron projection patterns of interhemispheric connections in mice and uncover their influence on functional dynamics, highlighting the importance of heterotopic projections in interhemispheric communication.
- Yao Fei
- , Qihang Wu
- & Cirong Liu
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Article
| Open AccessPosition- and scale-invariant object-centered spatial localization in monkey frontoparietal cortex dynamically adapts to cognitive demand
The neural basis of spatial localization is poorly understood. Here the authors showed that when planning a reach towards an object, neural coding in the frontoparietal network dynamically changes between allocentric and egocentric spatial reference frames where the transition is controlled by task demands.
- Bahareh Taghizadeh
- , Ole Fortmann
- & Alexander Gail
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Article
| Open AccessCD20/MS4A1 is a mammalian olfactory receptor expressed in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that mediates innate avoidance of predators
How animals sense and properly avoid predators remains incompletely understood. Here, Jiang et al. show that the B cell co-receptor, CD20 also functions as an olfactory receptor and mediates the innate avoidance of predator derived odors.
- Hao-Ching Jiang
- , Sung Jin Park
- & Paul L. Greer
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Article
| Open AccessPerceptography unveils the causal contribution of inferior temporal cortex to visual perception
The precise role that inferotemporal cortex plays in object recognition remains poorly understood. Here, the authors combine high-throughput behavioral optogenetics in non-human primates with machine learning to graphically capture perceptual events evoked by local stimulation in the high-level visual cortex.
- Elia Shahbazi
- , Timothy Ma
- & Arash Afraz
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Article
| Open AccessCdk8/CDK19 promotes mitochondrial fission through Drp1 phosphorylation and can phenotypically suppress pink1 deficiency in Drosophila
Mitochondrial fission, performed by Drp1, is carefully regulated, particularly in neurons. Here, the authors examine Drosophila Cdk8/CDK19 function in mitochondrial fission and uncover a role phosphorylating Drp1 in the cytoplasm and show overexpression suppresses a Parkinson’s disease model.
- Jenny Zhe Liao
- , Hyung-lok Chung
- & Esther M. Verheyen
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Article
| Open AccessStructural basis for antiepileptic drugs and botulinum neurotoxin recognition of SV2A
SV2A is a receptor for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and new generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Here the authors report cryo-EM structures of SV2A in complex with BoNT receptor binding domain and AEDs highlighting the difference in the binding affinity between AEDs.
- Atsushi Yamagata
- , Kaori Ito
- & Mikako Shirouzu
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