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| Open AccessOrganization of corticocortical and thalamocortical top-down inputs in the primary visual cortex
The organization of top-down inputs in primary visual cortex (V1) remains unclear. Here the authors characterized corticocortical and thalamocortical top-down inputs recruiting V1 neurons with cell-type and layer-specificities, and revealed distinct forms of top-down input processing.
- Yanmei Liu
- , Jiahe Zhang
- & Guofen Ma
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Article
| Open AccessLateral parabrachial FoxP2 neurons regulate respiratory responses to hypercapnia
The parabrachial nucleus contains separate populations of neurons that respond to elevated CO2 with EEG arousal and increased breathing. Here we report that the parabrachial respiratory neurons express FoxP2 and are required for respiratory responses to elevated CO2.
- Satvinder Kaur
- , Nicole Lynch
- & Clifford B. Saper
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| Open AccessHyperactivity of indirect pathway-projecting spiny projection neurons promotes compulsive behavior
Striatal hyperactivity has been linked to compulsive behavior, but cell-type and pathway specific mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show excessive grooming in Sapap3-KO mice is associated with indirect pathway hyperactivity and suppression of hyperactivity normalizes grooming.
- Sean C. Piantadosi
- , Elizabeth E. Manning
- & Susanne E. Ahmari
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| Open AccessVentral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types
Ventral pallidum GABA and glutamate neuron activation drives approach and avoidance, respectively. Here, the authors show that both ventral pallidum cell types are activated during approach to reward and by aversive stimuli, but elicit opponent effects on VTA cell-type activity.
- Lauren Faget
- , Lucie Oriol
- & Thomas S. Hnasko
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| Open AccessPhotoacoustic Tomography with Temporal Encoding Reconstruction (PATTERN) for cross-modal individual analysis of the whole brain
Here, the authors introduce Photoacoustic Tomography with Temporal Encoding Reconstruction (PATTERN) - a high-speed, non-destructive photoacoustic brain imaging technique that constructs 3D fluorescent maps of the brain and improves upon some of the limitations associated with traditional whole-brain optical imaging techniques.
- Yuwen Chen
- , Haoyu Yang
- & Bo Lei
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Article
| Open AccessMagnetic voluntary head-fixation in transgenic rats enables lifespan imaging of hippocampal neurons
Head-fixation system is widely used in neuroscience research but has limitations in application due to restraint. Here the authors developed a magnetic voluntary head-fixation system that allows stable rat hippocampal imaging during complex behaviors.
- P. Dylan Rich
- , Stephan Yves Thiberge
- & David W. Tank
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Article
| Open AccessOptogenetic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons induces brain-wide activation
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a major source of serotonergic projections to brain-wide targets. Here the authors use optogenetics and fMRI to investigate brain-wide responses to activation of the DRN serotonergic pathway.
- Hiro Taiyo Hamada
- , Yoshifumi Abe
- & Kenji Doya
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Article
| Open AccessA non-canonical visual cortical-entorhinal pathway contributes to spatial navigation
Neural circuitry conveying visual information to the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), a crucial region for spatial cognition, is not fully understood. Here, the authors report a direct pathway from the secondary visual cortex to MEC layer 5a in mice and its involvement in memory-guided navigation, thus revealing a role of deep MEC in sensory information transmission.
- Qiming Shao
- , Ligu Chen
- & Guangfu Wang
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Article
| Open AccessThe basal forebrain to lateral habenula circuitry mediates social behavioral maladaptation
Maladaptive fear is linked to many neuropsychiatric disorders, while its neural basis is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that the hyperactivity of the basal forebrain to lateral habenula glutamatergic circuit is crucial for social fear behavior.
- Jun Wang
- , Qian Yang
- & Han Xu
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Article
| Open AccessNonuniform and pathway-specific laminar processing of spatial frequencies in the primary visual cortex of primates
The uniformity of laminar processing in a cortex remains not fully understood. Here authors show that high spatial frequency stimuli elicit distinct active patterns across V1 layers, arising from multiple mechanisms involving M and P pathways.
- Tian Wang
- , Weifeng Dai
- & Dajun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessSpontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in vivo reveals differential cortico-entorhinal functional connectivity
Cortico-entorhinal interactions remain poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a model of interacting networks predicts spontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in the medial, but not lateral, entorhinal cortex in vivo.
- Krishna Choudhary
- , Sven Berberich
- & Mayank R. Mehta
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Article
| Open AccessA non-image-forming visual circuit mediates the innate fear of heights in male mice
The neural basis underlying fear of heights is not well understood. Here the authors identify, in mice, a subcortical route for innate fear of heights, bypassing the primary visual cortex.
- Wei Shang
- , Shuangyi Xie
- & Xiao-Bing Yuan
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic corticothalamic modulation of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuit during wakefulness
Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6CT) neurons provide feedback that shapes signaling in sensory pathways. Here, authors show that L6CT neurons are bi-directional modulators of thalamocortical signaling, in a manner dependent upon both L6CT magnitude and synchronization
- Elaida D. Dimwamwa
- , Aurélie Pala
- & Garrett B. Stanley
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Article
| Open AccessSynergism between two BLA-to-BNST pathways for appropriate expression of anxiety-like behaviors in male mice
How distinct circuits get coordinated to allow individuals to express appropriate level of anxiety is unclear. Here, authors show there are two functionally opposing BLA-BNST pathways interacting via the local inhibitory networks to enable anxiety expression with environmental needs.
- Ren-Wen Han
- , Zi-Yi Zhang
- & Bing-Xing Pan
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Article
| Open AccessDiverse and asymmetric patterns of single-neuron projectome in regulating interhemispheric connectivity
How interhemispheric connections are organized and how interhemispheric communication are regulated are not fully understood. Here authors delineate the diverse single-neuron projection patterns of interhemispheric connections in mice and uncover their influence on functional dynamics, highlighting the importance of heterotopic projections in interhemispheric communication.
- Yao Fei
- , Qihang Wu
- & Cirong Liu
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| Open AccessConjunctive encoding of exploratory intentions and spatial information in the hippocampus
The hippocampus maps space, but its role in encoding investigatory intentions is unclear. Here the authors show that certain CA1 neurons encode both spatial information and animals’ intention to explore, depending on input from lateral entorhinal cortex.
- Yi-Fan Zeng
- , Ke-Xin Yang
- & Ning Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessA hippocampus-accumbens code guides goal-directed appetitive behavior
The dorsal hippocampus plays an important role for spatial memory, but how its outputs guide behavior is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that nucleus accumbens-specific hippocampal projection neurons carry a highly conjunctive code of spatial and action information that directs spatial reward memory-guided appetitive behaviors.
- Oliver Barnstedt
- , Petra Mocellin
- & Stefan Remy
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| Open AccessStimulus encoding by specific inactivation of cortical neurons
How neural ensembles encode information remains poorly understood. Here, the authors identify “offsembles”—neurons that are specifically inactivated by sensory stimuli—which, when combined with “onsemble” neurons that are turned on by the stimulus, provide enhanced encoding power to the cortex.
- Jesús Pérez-Ortega
- , Alejandro Akrouh
- & Rafael Yuste
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Article
| Open AccessMultisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and reduces interictal epileptiform discharges
Repetitive audio-visual stimulation, or sensory flicker, can modulate oscillations in a non-invasive manner. Here the authors demonstrate the potential of flicker in individuals with epilepsy undergoing intracranial seizure monitoring.
- Lou T. Blanpain
- , Eric R. Cole
- & Annabelle C. Singer
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| Open AccessMulticore fiber optic imaging reveals that astrocyte calcium activity in the mouse cerebral cortex is modulated by internal motivational state
Astrocyte calcium increases can alter brain state, but their dynamics during different behaviors have not been fully described. Here, the authors use multicore fiber optic imaging in freely moving mice to show that astrocyte engagement in behavior is influenced by the motivational state.
- Yung-Tian A. Gau
- , Eric T. Hsu
- & Dwight E. Bergles
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| Open AccessSubcellular pathways through VGluT3-expressing mouse amacrine cells provide locally tuned object-motion-selective signals in the retina
How the spatial distribution of synapses relates to the subcellular integration and transmission of signals is not fully understood. Here authors combine functional and connectomic analysis to map the subcellular flow of information in retinal amacrine cells.
- Karl Friedrichsen
- , Jen-Chun Hsiang
- & Josh L. Morgan
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| Open AccessGlobal spatiotemporal synchronizing structures of spontaneous neural activities in different cell types
Neural mechanisms underlying brain-wide synchronization are not fully understood. Here authors show that traveling waves are prevalent in both excitatory and inhibitory neural populations, more pronounced in glutamatergic neurons, vary across developmental stages, and are associated with functional connections and gene expression.
- Liang Shi
- , Xiaoxi Fu
- & Pengcheng Li
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Article
| Open AccessEfficient coding of natural images in the mouse visual cortex
Whether mice can perceptually discriminate between texture images, and if so how these stimuli are processed by their visual system, remains an open question. Here, the authors show that mice can visually discriminate between textures and found evidence for ‘efficient coding’, highlighting a correlative link between image statistics, perceptual behavior, and geometrical aspects of neural representations.
- Federico Bolaños
- , Javier G. Orlandi
- & Andrea Benucci
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Article
| Open AccessAssociations between handedness and brain functional connectivity patterns in children
Handedness is thought to be associated with brain asymmetry. Here, the authors show distinct brain functional connectivity associated with left- vs. right-handed children, shedding light on early neural organization and its relationship with handedness.
- Dardo Tomasi
- & Nora D. Volkow
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Article
| Open AccessDecomposing cortical activity through neuronal tracing connectome-eigenmodes in marmosets
The relationship between neuroanatomical connections and functional activity is still unclear. Using graph signal processing, the authors show neuronal tracing connectome eigenmodes constrain cortical activity in marmosets.
- Jie Xia
- , Cirong Liu
- & Wei Liao
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Article
| Open AccessNanobubble-actuated ultrasound neuromodulation for selectively shaping behavior in mice
Ultrasound may be used to non-invasively modulate the brain. Here the authors describe acoustic nanobubble-mediated ultrasound stimulation of specific brain region in male mice.
- Xuandi Hou
- , Jianing Jing
- & Lei Sun
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Article
| Open AccessSilencing CA1 pyramidal cells output reveals the role of feedback inhibition in hippocampal oscillations
Current approaches possibly cannot unambiguously distinguish the unique contributions of feedback inhibition versus feedforward inhibition to oscillatory events. Here authors show that a loss of CA1 pyramidal cell transmission, resulting in feedback inhibition reduction, leads to spatially triggered high-frequency oscillatory events; these events were like place cells in their spatial extent and localized to small regions in CA1.
- Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan
- , Justin Joseph
- & Thomas J. McHugh
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Article
| Open AccessPrefrontal control of superior colliculus modulates innate escape behavior following adversity
Significant aversive experience can cause lasting behavioral changes due to shifts in arousal thresholds and filter mechanisms. Here, in male mice, the authors identify a change in a neural circuit, underlying adversity driven enhanced threat response.
- Ami Ritter
- , Shlomi Habusha
- & Oded Klavir
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Article
| Open AccessNeural timescales reflect behavioral demands in freely moving rhesus macaques
The functional relevance of neural timescales is not fully understood. Here the authors demonstrate that neural timescales change with behavioral demands in freely moving macaques.
- Ana M. G. Manea
- , David J.-N. Maisson
- & Jan Zimmermann
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Article
| Open AccessA persistent prefrontal reference frame across time and task rules
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in rule-coding and long-term memory. Here, the authors identified a stably active neuronal ensemble in the mouse medial PFC in an olfaction-guided spatial memory task, which showed stable tuning to task features across time, rule-reversal, and context changes.
- Hannah Muysers
- , Hung-Ling Chen
- & Marlene Bartos
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Article
| Open AccessDistinct neurochemical influences on fMRI response polarity in the striatum
The relationship between striatal vascular and neural activity is not fully understood. Here the authors found neuronal activity inadequately explains striatal hemodynamic polarity, challenging classic fMRI interpretations.
- Domenic H. Cerri
- , Daniel L. Albaugh
- & Yen-Yu Ian Shih
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Article
| Open AccessGamma oscillatory complexity conveys behavioral information in hippocampal networks
Specific gamma frequency oscillations are supposed to differentially route information within the hippocampal formation. Here, the authors show that while hippocampal gamma oscillations are more diverse than previously reported, this variability is modulated by behavior and learning.
- Vincent Douchamps
- , Matteo di Volo
- & Romain Goutagny
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Article
| Open AccessComparative connectomics of dauer reveals developmental plasticity
How the dauer, an alternative developmental stage in nematodes, exhibits distinct behavioral traits remains unclear. Here, the authors reveal the neural circuitry underlying these distinctions by reconstructing the dauer connectome and comparing it with other stages.
- Hyunsoo Yim
- , Daniel T. Choe
- & Junho Lee
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Article
| Open AccessInduced neural phase precession through exogenous electric fields
The neural mechanisms underpinning phase precession remain poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that exogenously generated oscillatory electric fields in the brain can induce phase precession-like effects on cortical excitability and neural firing.
- Miles Wischnewski
- , Harry Tran
- & Alexander Opitz
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| Open AccessSpecification of neural circuit architecture shaped by context-dependent patterned LAR-RPTP microexons
LAR-RPTPs are presynaptic cell-adhesion proteins that regulate the synaptic properties. Here, LAR-RPTP microexon expression is profiled in region-, cell-type- and circuit-specific contexts and its physiological significance in encoding synaptic architecture is demonstrated.
- Kyung Ah Han
- , Taek-Han Yoon
- & Jaewon Ko
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Article
| Open AccessCortical astrocyte N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors influence whisker barrel activity and sensory discrimination in mice
The role of astrocyte NMDA receptor signaling in cortical circuits is unclear. Here, the authors show that NMDA receptors contribute to astrocyte calcium events and support neuronal processing of sensory information that maintains sensory activity in mice.
- Noushin Ahmadpour
- , Meher Kantroo
- & Jillian L. Stobart
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Article
| Open AccessHeterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system
Whether there is an exception to the homogenous wiring rule in visual systems remain largely unknown. Here authors reveal heterogeneity in the synaptic connectivity of cell types in the fly eye. Thus, parallel units of the eye will compute the same visual input differently.
- Jacqueline Cornean
- , Sebastian Molina-Obando
- & Marion Silies
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| Open AccessUnsupervised classification of brain-wide axons reveals the presubiculum neuronal projection blueprint
The classification of different types of neurons has been a long-standing challenge in neuroscience. Here, the authors present a strategy to quantify all statistically distinct axonal patterns from a brain region based on their anatomical targeting, with this projection-driven neuron classification informing the functional architecture of the circuit.
- Diek W. Wheeler
- , Shaina Banduri
- & Giorgio A. Ascoli
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| Open AccessA neurophysiological basis for aperiodic EEG and the background spectral trend
The neural mechanisms that give rise to aperiodic EEG signals remains unclear. Here the authors characterize EEG signals generated by neural processes other than brain rhythms, demonstrating that certain drugs alter EEG signals in ways that confound traditional interpretation.
- Niklas Brake
- , Flavie Duc
- & Gilles Plourde
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Article
| Open AccessEndogenous cannabinoids in the piriform cortex tune olfactory perception
Whether and how cannabinoid type-1 receptors impact sensory functions in vivo is largely unknown. Here, authors show that their endogenous activity controls network dynamics in the olfactory piriform cortex and the ability of mice to detect odorants.
- Geoffrey Terral
- , Evan Harrell
- & Lisa Roux
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Article
| Open AccessInhibitory medial zona incerta pathway drives exploratory behavior by inhibiting glutamatergic cuneiform neurons
The cuneiform nucleus regulates locomotor activity. Here the authors show that this nucleus has a more context-dependent role than previously thought, whereby GABAergic projections from the zona incerta act to promote exploratory behaviour in mice.
- Sandeep Sharma
- , Cecilia A. Badenhorst
- & Patrick J. Whelan
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Article
| Open AccessA prefrontal-thalamic circuit encodes social information for social recognition
How the brain distinguishes familiar individuals from unfamiliar ones is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and thalamus encode social information and the two brain areas interact with each other to promote social recognition.
- Zihao Chen
- , Yechao Han
- & Yang Zhan
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Article
| Open AccessDorsal hippocampus to nucleus accumbens projections drive reinforcement via activation of accumbal dynorphin neurons
The role of dorsal hippocampus in driving reinforcement remains to be determined. Here, authors show that dorsal hippocampus-driven reinforcing behaviors are mediated via inputs to dynorphin neurons in the dorsal medial nucleus accumbens.
- Khairunisa Mohamad Ibrahim
- , Nicolas Massaly
- & Jose A. Morón
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Article
| Open AccessSubfield-specific interneuron circuits govern the hippocampal response to novelty in male mice
Hippocampal GABAergic neurons are thought to play a role in processing memories. Here, the authors show that functions of parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons in mice depend on novelty and differ between hippocampal subfields.
- Thomas Hainmueller
- , Aurore Cazala
- & Marlene Bartos
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Article
| Open AccessA mesocortical glutamatergic pathway modulates neuropathic pain independent of dopamine co-release
The role of mesocortical pathway in pain modulation is poorly understood. Here, authors show in mice that enhancing ventral tegmental area to prefrontal cortex glutamatergic activity alleviates neuropathic pain independently of dopamine co-release.
- Miao Li
- & Guang Yang
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Article
| Open AccessDual electrical stimulation at spinal-muscular interface reconstructs spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury
Electrical signals with characteristic parameters for reconstructing neural circuits remain incompletely understood, limiting the therapeutic potential of electrical neuromodulation techniques. Here, the authors demonstrate that dual electrical stimulation at 10–20 Hz rebuilds the spinal sensorimotor neural circuit after spinal cord injury, indicating the characteristic signals of circuit remodeling.
- Kai Zhou
- , Wei Wei
- & Yaobo Liu
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Article
| Open AccessLateral hypothalamic glutamatergic inputs to VTA glutamatergic neurons mediate prioritization of innate defensive behavior over feeding
VTA glutamatergic neurons mediate innate defensive behaviors. Here, authors show that suppression of feeding induced by escape responses to threats is mediated by VTA glutamatergic neurons regulated by lateral hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons.
- M. Flavia Barbano
- , Shiliang Zhang
- & Marisela Morales
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Article
| Open AccessPersistent enhancement of basolateral amygdala-dorsomedial striatum synapses causes compulsive-like behaviors in mice
Compulsivity is associated with many psychiatric disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder. However, the neural circuits that mediate this trait are not clearly defined. Here the authors show that the amygdalostriatal circuit plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of compulsive-like behavior.
- In Bum Lee
- , Eugene Lee
- & Bong-June Yoon
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity
How functional neuronal circuits are established during development is not fully understood. Here the authors show, by raising fish in the dark and under anesthesia, that brain activity is not needed for the development of complex, decision-making circuits.
- Dániel L. Barabási
- , Gregor F. P. Schuhknecht
- & Florian Engert