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| Open AccessTopological soliton molecule in quasi 1D charge density wave
Soliton molecules have been observed only in the temporal dimension for classical wave optical systems. Here, the authors use scanning tunneling spectroscopy to identify a topological soliton molecule in real space in a quasi-1D charge-ordered phase of indium atomic wires.
- Taehwan Im
- , Sun Kyu Song
- & Han Woong Yeom
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Article
| Open AccessTransparent dynamic infrared emissivity regulators
In this work, authors report a transparent dynamic infrared emissivity modulation mechanism based on reversible injection/extraction of electrons in aluminium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals and demonstrate it for smart thermal management applications.
- Yan Jia
- , Dongqing Liu
- & Tianwen Liu
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Article
| Open AccessExtending the coherence of spin defects in hBN enables advanced qubit control and quantum sensing
Negatively-charged boron vacancy centers in hBN have short coherence times, hindering their potential as quantum sensors. By employing dynamical decoupling, the authors achieve an ensemble coherence time approaching the fundamental relaxation limit, enabling sensitive detection of MHz range electromagnetic fields.
- Roberto Rizzato
- , Martin Schalk
- & Dominik B. Bucher
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Article
| Open AccessBioinspired rotary flight of light-driven composite films
Light-driven actuators have great potential in different types of applications but is still challenging to apply them in flying devices owing to their slow response, small deflection and force output. Here, the authors report a rotary flying photoactuator with fast rotation and rapid response.
- Dan Wang
- , Zhaomin Chen
- & Metin Sitti
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| Open AccessSuppressing electron-phonon coupling in organic photovoltaics for high-efficiency power conversion
Reducing non-radiative energy loss is critical to improving power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells. Jiang et al. show that alkyl side-chain engineering in acceptors reduces the free volume ratio, lowering non-radiative decay, to achieve 18.6% efficiency in bulk-heterojunction binary cells.
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- , Yixin Li
- & Xiaozhang Zhu
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| Open AccessNon-destructive erosive wear monitoring of multi-layer coatings using AI-enabled differential split ring resonator based system
Real-time monitoring of coatings erosive wear is critical to mitigate safety and financial concerns in many applications. Here, authors show a non-destructive inspection system with AI-enabled microwave resonators and a smart monitoring circuitry to identify and estimate wear depth and rate of eroded layers.
- Vishal Balasubramanian
- , Omid Niksan
- & Mohammad H. Zarifi
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| Open AccessUltra-thin lithium aluminate spinel ferrite films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and low damping
Ferromagnetic insulators offer low magnetic damping, and potentially efficient magnetic switching, making them ideal candidates for spin-based information processing. Here, Zheng et al introduce a ferromagnetic insulator spinel, Li0.5Al1.0Fe1.5O4, with low magnetic damping, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and no magnetic dead layer.
- Xin Yu Zheng
- , Sanyum Channa
- & Yuri Suzuki
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| Open AccessIn situ synthesis and dynamic simulation of molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles on a micro-reactor system
Molecularly imprinted polymers are useful elements in sensing and biomedical research but their fabrication is challenging. Here, the authors report a micro-reactor for in situ and continuous production of molecularly imprinted polymers.
- Özgecan Erdem
- , Ismail Eş
- & Fatih Inci
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| Open AccessHybridization of short-range and long-range charge transfer excited states in multiple resonance emitter
Multi resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are the next-generation blue dopants for organic light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors develop two isomeric emitters with hybridized long-range and short-range charge transfer excited states and realize device efficiency of 30.8%.
- Ha Lim Lee
- , Jihoon Kang
- & Jun Yeob Lee
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Article
| Open AccessLong-range, non-local switching of spin textures in a frustrated antiferromagnet
Several recent works have demonstrated current based control of antiferromagnetic order, with the potential that such switching could be used for information processing and storage. Here, Haley et al demonstrate that in FexNbS2, this switching is non-local, with magnetic order changing due to an applied current at distances much larger than the spin diffusion length in the material.
- Shannon C. Haley
- , Eran Maniv
- & James G. Analytis
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| Open AccessHexanary blends: a strategy towards thermally stable organic photovoltaics
Non-fullerene-based organic solar cells generally suffer from poor thermal stability and especially in case of devices with thick active layers. Here, the authors report hexanary blends based on multi-component acceptor mixtures with a device efficiency of 17.6% and thermally stability for 23 days at 130 °C.
- Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- , Sandra Hultmark
- & Derya Baran
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Article
| Open AccessRapid prototyping of high-resolution large format microfluidic device through maskless image guided in-situ photopolymerization
The utility of microfluidic devices has been limited by several drawbacks including low resolution, inferior feature fidelity, poor repeatability. Here the authors address these challenges by developing a strategic approach of image guided in-situ maskless lithography to fabricate a variety of microfluidic devices and resolve critical proximity effect and size limitations in rapid prototyping.
- Ratul Paul
- , Yuwen Zhao
- & Yaling Liu
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| Open AccessAchieving tissue-level softness on stretchable electronics through a generalizable soft interlayer design
Stretchable electronics are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, but are challenging to prepare with suitable mechanical properties. Here, the authors report the use of a soft interlayer that allows the development of stretchable electronics with tissue-like material properties.
- Yang Li
- , Nan Li
- & Sihong Wang
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| Open AccessAn avalanche-and-surge robust ultrawide-bandgap heterojunction for power electronics
Avalanche and surge robustness are fundamental for power devices to survive overvoltage and overcurrent stresses in typical applications. Here, authors report NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunctions with smaller reverse recovery, higher switching speed, and a robustness competitive to that of conventional homojunctions.
- Feng Zhou
- , Hehe Gong
- & Jiandong Ye
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| Open AccessCoaxially printed magnetic mechanical electrical hybrid structures with actuation and sensing functionalities
Achieving hybrid magnetic actuation, energy transfer and somatosensory actuation functions in soft electromagnetic devices is a challenge. Here, Zhang et. al. present a hybrid core-sheath fiber and use a one-step coaxial printing method to create complex 2D/3D structures with multimodal functionalities.
- Yuanxi Zhang
- , Chengfeng Pan
- & Lelun Jiang
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| Open AccessVertically grown ultrathin Bi2SiO5 as high-κ single-crystalline gate dielectric
Crystalline high-κ dielectric materials are desired for the development of future 2D electronic devices. Here, the authors report the in-plane and out-of-plane chemical vapor deposition growth of ultrathin Bi2SiO5 crystals with dielectric constant >30 and a band gap of ~3.8 eV, showing their effective application as gate dielectric layers of MoS2 transistors.
- Jiabiao Chen
- , Zhaochao Liu
- & Jinxiong Wu
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Article
| Open AccessPlug & play origami modules with all-purpose deformation modes
Actuators provide robot locomotion and manipulation, but most are limited by their number of motion types and coupled motions. Here, Zhang et. al. present an origami actuation module based on a modified Kresling pattern with pneumatically-driven pouches, thus enabling seven motion modes in one module.
- Chao Zhang
- , Zhuang Zhang
- & Hanqing Jiang
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| Open AccessImplant-to-implant wireless networking with metamaterial textiles
Implanted bioelectronic devices have proven useful for health sensing and therapy, while the interconnection of distributed implants remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate direct implant-to-implant wireless networking at the scale of the human body using metamaterial textiles.
- Xi Tian
- , Qihang Zeng
- & John S. Ho
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| Open AccessAnomalous polarization enhancement in a van der Waals ferroelectric material under pressure
Here, the authors report a hydrostatic-pressure-driven anomalous enhancement of the spontaneous polarization of CuInP2S6 at room temperature, in contrast to the standard pressure-induced suppression of ferroelectricity. The polarization enhancement stems from the spatial instability of the Cu cations and increase of Cu occupancy at the interlayer site.
- Xiaodong Yao
- , Yinxin Bai
- & Jinlong Zhu
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| Open AccessContact-engineered reconfigurable two-dimensional Schottky junction field-effect transistor with low leakage currents
Here, the authors report the realization of WSe2 Schottky junction field-effect transistors with asymmetric multi-layer graphene and WTe2 van der Waals contacts, enabling reconfigurable polarity, low off-state currents, near-ideal rectifying behaviour and bipolar photovoltaic response.
- Yaoqiang Zhou
- , Lei Tong
- & Jian-Bin Xu
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| Open AccessSymmetry-breaking dynamics in a tautomeric 3D covalent organic framework
Controlling the ketoenamine-enolimine tautomerism and correlating their structure to photoelectronic properties remains challenging in organic solids. Here, the authors show tautomerization in a crystalline dynamic 3D covalent organic framework (dynaCOF) through host-guest interactions leading to reversible framework deformation accompanied by chromic effects which can be used in chemosensing.
- Yangyang Xu
- , Tu Sun
- & Yue-Biao Zhang
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| Open AccessConductance stable and mechanically durable bi-layer EGaIn composite-coated stretchable fiber for 1D bioelectronics
The mechanical and electrical properties of liquid-metal particle fibers are limited by incompatible coating techniques. Here, Lee et. al. present a solution shearing-based deposition technique for high performance bi-layer stretchable fibers, showcasing applications in smart clothing and 1D bioelectronics.
- Gun-Hee Lee
- , Do Hoon Lee
- & Steve Park
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| Open AccessActive self-assembly of piezoelectric biomolecular films via synergistic nanoconfinement and in-situ poling
Piezoelectric biomaterials are limited by the challenges in domain orientation alignment and a weak piezoelectric effect. Here, Zhang et. al. present an active self-assembly strategy via nanoconfinement and in-situ poling, to obtain large-scale, high performance piezoelectric β-glycine nanocrystalline films.
- Zhuomin Zhang
- , Xuemu Li
- & Zhengbao Yang
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| Open AccessArtificially controlled nanoscale chemical reduction in VO2 through electron beam illumination
The authors demonstrate a nanoscale chemical reduction for VO2 into V2O3 through electron-beam illumination, showcasing potential for nanoscale manipulation of oxygen ionic evolution for advanced harvesting functionalities.
- Yang Zhang
- , Yupu Wang
- & Pu Yu
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| Open AccessTesla valves and capillary structures-activated thermal regulator
Unwanted vapor backflow and chaotic two-phase flow patterns can hinder thermal transport performance in their respective systems. Here, the authors revisit the classic Tesla valve design and demonstrate a Tesla valve-based thermal regulator with capillary structures that can suppress vapor backflow and achieve directional two-phase flow.
- Wenming Li
- , Siyan Yang
- & Zuankai Wang
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Article
| Open AccessField-free spin-orbit torque switching assisted by in-plane unconventional spin torque in ultrathin [Pt/Co]N
Spin-orbit torques, arising in systems with strong spin-orbit interactions, have been a major avenue of research for the potential electric control of magnetization. Recently, unconventional spin-orbit torques, with spin polarizations aligned in atypical ways have garnered interest due to the numerous advantages offered compared to their conventional counterparts. Here, Xue et al investigate ‘type-x’ spin-orbit torque switching, demonstrating both unique spin polarizations, and field-free magnetization switching in Platinum/Cobalt multilayers.
- Fen Xue
- , Shy-Jay Lin
- & Shan X. Wang
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| Open AccessNanoscale multistate resistive switching in WO3 through scanning probe induced proton evolution
Designing efficient multistate resistive switching devices is promising for neuromorphic computing. Here, the authors demonstrate a reversible hydrogenation in WO3 thin films at room temperature with an electrically-biased scanning probe. The associated insulator to metal transition offers the opportunity to precisely control multistate conductivity at nanoscale.
- Fan Zhang
- , Yang Zhang
- & Pu Yu
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| Open AccessElectronic transport driven by collective light-matter coupled states in a quantum device
Here the authors investigate the electronic transport in microcavity-coupled quantum detector with strong collective electronic resonances. Their findings present a way to optimize photodetectors operating in the ultra-strong light-matter coupling regime.
- Francesco Pisani
- , Djamal Gacemi
- & Yanko Todorov
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| Open AccessHierarchical conductive metal-organic framework films enabling efficient interfacial mass transfer
Heterogeneous reactions associated with porous films are vital in nature and industry. A hierarchical-structure-accelerated interfacial dynamic strategy is reported to improve interfacial gas transfer on conductive metal-organic framework films.
- Chuanhui Huang
- , Xinglong Shang
- & Renhao Dong
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| Open AccessMachining water through laser cutting of nanoparticle-encased water pancakes
“Due to the inherent disorder and fluidity of water, machining of water through laser cutting is challenging. Here, authors report a strategy through laser cutting to realize the machining of nanoparticle encased water pancakes with the depth of water at sub-millimeter level.”
- Jicheng Niu
- , Wenjing Liu
- & Fei Li
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| Open AccessDetermining spin-orbit coupling in graphene by quasiparticle interference imaging
Graphene has many intriguing electronic properties. One of note is the absence of backscattering of electrons confined to a single valley. Spin-orbit interactions can allow backscattering, and here, Sun et al. use this spin-orbit coupling dependence of backscattering to measure the strength of the spin-orbit interaction in a graphene/tungsten selenide heterostructure.
- Lihuan Sun
- , Louk Rademaker
- & Christoph Renner
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| Open AccessA reconfigurable binary/ternary logic conversion-in-memory based on drain-aligned floating-gate heterojunction transistors
Reconfigurable logic is desirable for high-density information processing. Here, the authors demonstrate a binary/ternary logic conversion-in-memory, which can operate in both binary and ternary logic systems to implement various types of logic gates.
- Chungryeol Lee
- , Changhyeon Lee
- & Sung Gap Im
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Article
| Open AccessA magnetic hydrogel for the efficient retrieval of kidney stone fragments during ureteroscopy
The success of surgical kidney stone removal is limited by the ability to efficiently retrieve stone fragments, resulting in incomplete stone clearance and subsequent morbidity. Here, the authors show the efficacy and biocompatibility of a magnetic hydrogel that selectively coats human kidney stone fragments in vitro allowing their total extraction using a magnetic wire.
- T. Jessie Ge
- , Daniel Massana Roquero
- & Joseph C. Liao
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| Open AccessThermally trainable dual network hydrogels
Trainable responsive materials have received research interests for future adaptive and intelligent material systems but to date trainable responsive materials only allow one direction of functionality change. Here, the authors demonstrate thermally trainable hydrogel systems consisting of two thermoresponsive polymers, where the volumetric response of the system upon phase transitions enhances or decreases through a training process above a certain threshold temperature.
- Shanming Hu
- , Yuhuang Fang
- & Hang Zhang
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| Open AccessA neuromorphic physiological signal processing system based on VO2 memristor for next-generation human-machine interface
Next-generation human-machine interfaces require efficient physiological signal processing systems. Here, the authors propose a hardware system that uses VO2 memristors to perform brain-like encoding and analysis of physiological signals, and is capable of identifying arrhythmia and epileptic seizures.
- Rui Yuan
- , Pek Jun Tiw
- & Yuchao Yang
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| Open AccessLow power flexible monolayer MoS2 integrated circuits
The application of 2D MoS2 flexible integrated circuits (ICs) is currently limited by the material quality over large areas and the device fabrication technology. Here the authors report a gate-first fabrication technique to realize wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 ICs on rigid and flexible substrates with high performance and low power consumption.
- Jian Tang
- , Qinqin Wang
- & Guangyu Zhang
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| Open AccessSnowflake-inspired and blink-driven flexible piezoelectric contact lenses for effective corneal injury repair
The cornea is susceptible to various injuries with a complicated repair process. Here, the authors propose a snowflake-inspired, blink-driven flexible piezoelectric contact lens for corneal injury repair.
- Guang Yao
- , Xiaoyi Mo
- & Yuan Lin
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Article
| Open AccessPen-drawn Marangoni swimmer
Marangoni swimmers have high relative speed, considering the body length and absence of a mechanical system but the fabricating is complex. Song et al. transform simple pen strokes into dynamic, programmable robots that can ‘swim’ with striking versatility.
- Seo Woo Song
- , Sumin Lee
- & Jiyun Kim
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Article
| Open AccessPrediction of sub-pyramid texturing as the next step towards high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells
The unexpected crystalline silicon epitaxial growth and interfacial nanotwins formation remain a challenging issue for silicon heterojunction technology. Here, the authors design a hybrid interface by tuning pyramid apex-angle to improve c-Si/a-Si:H interfacial morphology in silicon solar cells.
- Feihong Chu
- , Xianlin Qu
- & Yongzhe Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessAll-ferroelectric implementation of reservoir computing
While reservoir computing can process temporal information efficiently, its hardware implementation remains a challenge due to the lack of robust and energy efficient hardware. Here, the authors develop an all-ferroelectric reservoir computing system, showing high accuracies and low power consumptions in various tasks like the time-series prediction.
- Zhiwei Chen
- , Wenjie Li
- & Jun-Ming Liu
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Article
| Open AccessEnabling liquid crystal elastomers with tunable actuation temperature
Isotropization temperature determines the temperature at which Liquid Crystals Elastomer (LCE) material actuates. Here, the authors give a general strategy based on dynamic covalent bonds for tuning the isotropization temperature for LCEs.
- Yanjin Yao
- , Enjian He
- & Yan Ji
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Article
| Open AccessA chemiresistive-potentiometric multivariate sensor for discriminative gas detection
The application of multivariate gas sensors is limited due to their size and cost. Here the authors developed a compact gas sensor with multiple chemiresistive and potentiometric readouts enabling 3D discriminative response of gases at (sub)ppm levels and used the sensor for early fire detection.
- Hong Zhang
- , Zuobin Zhang
- & Jianxin Yi
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Article
| Open AccessBerry curvature contributions of kagome-lattice fragments in amorphous Fe–Sn thin films
The topological character of solids is usually revealed by considering the Berry curvature of electronic bands in a periodic crystal. Here, authors demonstrate the influence of the Berry curvature on the electronic properties of an amorphous thin film.
- Kohei Fujiwara
- , Yasuyuki Kato
- & Atsushi Tsukazaki
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Article
| Open AccessVertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor arrays for color perception
Future intelligent vision systems need efficient capacitor-free spiking photoreceptor for color perception. Here, Wang et al. report a metal oxide-based vertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor array which transduces light into spike trains with a power consumption of less than 400 picowatts.
- Xiangjing Wang
- , Chunsheng Chen
- & Qing Wan
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Article
| Open AccessEnergy conversion and storage via photoinduced polarization change in non-ferroelectric molecular [CoGa] crystals
Energy harvesting by utilizing optical control has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate energy and environmental crisis. However, it is challenging to realise nano-scale energy storage and conversion in the same material. Here the authors report a nonferroelectric molecular [CoGa] crystal that uses light as an external stimulus to exhibit photoenergy conversion and energy storage properties.
- Pritam Sadhukhan
- , Shu-Qi Wu
- & Osamu Sato
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Article
| Open AccessThermally stable threshold selector based on CuAg alloy for energy-efficient memory and neuromorphic computing applications
Designing efficient selector devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a CuAg alloy-based selector with excellent ON/OFF ratio and thermal stability. It can effectively suppress the sneak-path current in 1S1R arrays, making it suitable for storage class memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
- Xi Zhou
- , Liang Zhao
- & Dongdong Li
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Article
| Open AccessNanowire-based smart windows combining electro- and thermochromics for dynamic regulation of solar radiation
Smart windows offer more efficient sunlight modulation and heat management. Here, the authors propose a co-assembly strategy to produce smart windows that combine electrochromic and thermochromic functions with tunable components and ordered structures for dynamic solar radiation regulation.
- Si-Zhe Sheng
- , Jin-Long Wang
- & Shu-Hong Yu
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Article
| Open AccessDischarge domains regulation and dynamic processes of direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator
Arising from contact electrification and electrostatic breakdown, DC triboelectric nanogenerators are a promising solution to the air breakdown bottleneck in conventional TENGs. Here, authors reveal and regulate three discharge domains enhancing the device output power by an order of magnitude.
- Jiayue Zhang
- , Yikui Gao
- & Jie Wang
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Article
| Open AccessIontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity over ultra-broad linear range enabled by laser-induced gradient micro-pyramids
Developing iontronic pressure sensors with high sensitivity in a wide linear range can be challenging due to a trade-off between sensitivity and linear range. Here, authors bypass this limitation by using laser-assisted gradient micro-pyramids and insights from multiphysics simulations.
- Ruoxi Yang
- , Ankan Dutta
- & Huanyu Cheng