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An artificial visual neuron with multiplexed rate and time-to-first-spike coding
Multiplexed spiking data coding schemes could enable artificial visual neurons to emulate the human visual system in a more biologically plausible way. Here, Li et al. present an artificial neuron device capable of encoding visual analog signals into spike trains using multiplexed rate and temporal fusion coding. Reviewer recognition:
- Fanfan Li
- , Dingwei Li
- & Bowen Zhu
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Article
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Room-temperature low-threshold avalanche effect in stepwise van-der-Waals homojunction photodiodes
The avalanche or carrier-multiplication effect has the potential to improve the performance of photodetectors and solar cells, but usually requires high threshold energies. Here, the authors report stepwise WSe2 homojunctions exhibiting threshold energies approaching the semiconductor bandgap at room temperature.
- Hailu Wang
- , Hui Xia
- & Wei Lu
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Article
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Multi-level, forming and filament free, bulk switching trilayer RRAM for neuromorphic computing at the edge
Filamentary RRAM technologies suffer from variations and noise, leading to computational accuracy loss, and increased energy consumption. Park et al. created a trilayer metal-oxide bulk switching RRAM technology without filament formation and showed edge computing for an autonomous navigation task.
- Jaeseoung Park
- , Ashwani Kumar
- & Duygu Kuzum
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Article
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Memory-electroluminescence for multiple action-potentials combination in bio-inspired afferent nerves
In this work, a nanoscale light-emitting diode with memory-electroluminescence is demonstrated, which is used for mimicking the generation of multiple action-potentials and their combinations in bio-inspired afferent nerves.
- Kun Wang
- , Yitao Liao
- & Tae Whan Kim
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Article
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Transparent integrated pyroelectric-photovoltaic structure for photo-thermo hybrid power generation
The full potential of photoelectric devices can possibly be maximized through pyroelectricity for power generation beyond thermodynamic limit. Here, authors report photovoltaic heterostructure device with pyroelectric absorber, achieving 2.5 times more output power due to long-range electric field.
- Malkeshkumar Patel
- , Hyeong-Ho Park
- & Joondong Kim
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Article
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Functionalized MXene ink enables environmentally stable printed electronics
Here, authors demonstrate the electrohydrodynamic printing of alkylated 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine functionalized MXene (AD-MXene) ink. The AD-MXene outperforms vacuum-deposited Au and Al electrodes, providing thin film transistors with good environmental stability due to its hydrophobicity.
- Tae Yun Ko
- , Heqing Ye
- & Insik In
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Article
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Visualized in-sensor computing
The communication of colour information stands as one of the most immediate and widespread methods of interaction among biological entities. Xu et al. report an electrochromic neuromorphic transistor employing color updates to represent synaptic weight for real-time visualised in-sensor computing.
- Yao Ni
- , Jiaqi Liu
- & Wentao Xu
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Article
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Autonomous self-healing supramolecular polymer transistors for skin electronics
Integrating self-healing capabilities into skin-like stretchable transistors presents a persistent challenge. Here, by using a supramolecular polymer matrix, the authors develop autonomous self-healing transistors and skin-like logic circuits.
- Ngoc Thanh Phuong Vo
- , Tae Uk Nam
- & Jin Young Oh
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Article
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Mechanoelectronic stimulation of autologous extracellular vesicle biosynthesis implant for gut microbiota modulation
Pathogenic gut microbiota is responsible for a few debilitating gastrointestinal Diseases. Here, the authors develop a wireless mechanoelectronic device designed to manufacture of functional vesicles in vivo to regulate microbiome.
- Shuangshuang Wan
- , Kepeng Wang
- & Lianhui Wang
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Article
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A CMOS-compatible oscillation-based VO2 Ising machine solver
Oscillating neural networks promise ultralow power consumption and rapid computation for tackling complex optimization problems. Here, the authors demonstrate VO2 oscillators to solve NP-complete problems with projected power consumption of 13 µW/oscillator.
- Olivier Maher
- , Manuel Jiménez
- & Siegfried Karg
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Article
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Intelligent perceptual textiles based on ionic-conductive and strong silk fibers
Perception plays a pivotal role in advancing future intelligent textiles. Here, the authors develop smart perceptual textiles using natural-derived ionic-conductive silk fibers. These textiles can electrically detect external hazards and precisely pinpointing human touch, making them suitable for smart protective clothing and soft human-machine interfaces.
- Haojie Lu
- , Yong Zhang
- & Yingying Zhang
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Article
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Reconfigurable optoelectronic transistors for multimodal recognition
Reconfigurable neuromorphic transistors are important for creating compact and efficient neuromorphic computing networks. Here, Li et al. introduce an optoelectronic electrolyte-gated transistor to perform multimodal recognition.
- Pengzhan Li
- , Mingzhen Zhang
- & Chen Ge
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On the role of asymmetric molecular geometry in high-performance organic solar cells
The correlation between asymmetric molecular geometry of non-fullerene acceptors and their optoelectronic properties was unclear. Here, the authors found asymmetric ones exhibit increased open-circuit voltage compared to their symmetric counterparts due to reduced non-radiative charge recombination.
- Jinfeng Huang
- , Tianyi Chen
- & Lijian Zuo
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Tunable stochastic memristors for energy-efficient encryption and computing
Integrating security, computing and memory capabilities in ion-migration-driven memristors is challenging. Here, Woo et al. experimentally demonstrates a single system that performs cryptographic key generation, universal Boolean logic operations, and encryption/decryption.
- Kyung Seok Woo
- , Janguk Han
- & Cheol Seong Hwang
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Strain-insensitive viscoelastic perovskite film for intrinsically stretchable neuromorphic vision-adaptive transistors
Wearable neuromorphic optoelectronics require stretchable photosensitive materials and multifunctional integration. Here, authors develop intrinsically stretchable neuromorphic vision-adaptive transistors for skin-like neuromorphic vision systems.
- Chengyu Wang
- , Yangshuang Bian
- & Yunlong Guo
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Article
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Ultrafast piezocapacitive soft pressure sensors with over 10 kHz bandwidth via bonded microstructured interfaces
Piezocapacitive pressure sensors are typically limited by the slow response-relaxation speed for detecting dynamic stimuli. Here, Zhang et al. utilize the electrode-dielectric interface and bonded micro-structured interface for energy dissipation and reduce the response and relaxation time to 0.04 ms.
- Yuan Zhang
- , Xiaomeng Zhou
- & Chuan Fei Guo
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Article
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Modified t-butyl in tetradentate platinum (II) complexes enables exceptional lifetime for blue-phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
It has been challenging to realize efficient and stable blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Here, authors explore the effect of substitution position in platinum(II) dopants with suppressed metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer features, resulting in prolonged lifetime in the devices.
- Young Hun Jung
- , Gyeong Seok Lee
- & Jang Hyuk Kwon
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Highly efficient multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence material toward a BT.2020 deep-blue emitter
The realization of a BT.2020 blue emitter is challenging due to the spectral redshift associated with π-extension. Here, the authors report a multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, exhibiting ultrapure deep-blue narrow emission and CIEy ≤ 0.05 exceeding 20% efficiency.
- Junki Ochi
- , Yuki Yamasaki
- & Takuji Hatakeyama
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Article
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Monolithically integrated micro-supercapacitors with high areal number density produced by surface adhesive-directed electrolyte assembly
A challenge for densely packed micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) is accurate electrolyte placement. Here authors report a surface adhesive-directed electrolyte assembly strategy for precise isolation of densely packed MSCs at micron scale.
- Sen Wang
- , Shuanghao Zheng
- & Zhong-Shuai Wu
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Article
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Full integration of highly stretchable inorganic transistors and circuits within molecular-tailored elastic substrates on a large scale
Developing integrated stretchable metal-oxide transistors and circuits is challenging. Here, Kang et al. leveraged molecular-tailored elastic substrates for enhanced adhesion, thus achieving high performance and logical operation across various circuits under high strain.
- Seung-Han Kang
- , Jeong-Wan Jo
- & Sung Kyu Park
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Memristive tonotopic mapping with volatile resistive switching memory devices
Processing spatiotemporal information calls for the construction of hardware systems with computing capability comparable to biological neural networks. Inspired by human cochlea, Milozzi et al. develop neuromorphic circuits for memristive tonotopic mapping via volatile resistive switching memory devices.
- Alessandro Milozzi
- , Saverio Ricci
- & Daniele Ielmini
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Magnetic field filtering of the boundary supercurrent in unconventional metal NiTe2-based Josephson junctions
The authors study Josephson junctions where the weak link is a NiTe2 flake. They find that in-plane magnetic field in a particular direction causes the supercurrent to concentrate in the edges of the flake, excluding the bulk. They further argue that the supercurrent is carried by higher-order hinge states.
- Tian Le
- , Ruihan Zhang
- & Fanming Qu
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Article
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High-performance ferroelectric field-effect transistors with ultra-thin indium tin oxide channels for flexible and transparent electronics
Using Zr-doped HfO2 and ultra-thin indium tin oxide, Li et al. develop flexible field-effect transistors with a memory window of 2.78 V and bending reliability to enable high-performance back-end-of-line compatible wearable devices.
- Qingxuan Li
- , Siwei Wang
- & Lin Chen
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Article
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Decreasing exciton dissociation rates for reduced voltage losses in organic solar cells
The device’s electroluminescence efficiency is vital to reduce non-radiative voltage losses and boost organic solar cell performance. Here, the authors demonstrate that this efficiency is influenced not only by the decay of charge transfer states but also by the dissociation of singlet states.
- Hongbo Wu
- , Hao Lu
- & Zheng Tang
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Article
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A detachable interface for stable low-voltage stretchable transistor arrays and high-resolution X-ray imaging
Pixel size, power consumption, and stability of stretchable optoelectronic devices limit their application in digital imaging. Bian et al. developed a universal detachable interface technique for damage-free micropattern, reproducible transfer and ideal heterocontact of intrinsically stretchable electrodes.
- Yangshuang Bian
- , Mingliang Zhu
- & Yunlong Guo
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Article
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Multiscale reconfiguration induced highly saturated poling in lead-free piezoceramics for giant energy conversion
There are difficulty of achieving saturated poling and understanding of multi-scale structures in (K, Na)NbO3 ceramics. Here, the authors find atomic-scale polymorphic distortion and micrometer-scale high-density thin striped domains, which is key for high saturated poling.
- Jinfeng Lin
- , Jin Qian
- & Haijun Wu
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Article
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Flexible temperature-pressure dual sensor based on 3D spiral thermoelectric Bi2Te3 films
A three-dimensional spiral architecture is used to exploit both thermoelectric and piezoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 films to make a combined temperature and pressure sensor in a single material, with applications such as electronic skin.
- Hailong Yu
- , Zhenqing Hu
- & Kaiping Tai
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Article
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Ferroelectric compute-in-memory annealer for combinatorial optimization problems
Yin et al. realize a FeFET based compute-in-memory annealer as an efficient combinatorial optimization solver through algorithm-hardware co-design with a FeFET chip, matrix lossless compression, and a multi-epoch simulated annealing algorithm.
- Xunzhao Yin
- , Yu Qian
- & Kai Ni
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Article
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Highly parallel and ultra-low-power probabilistic reasoning with programmable gaussian-like memory transistors
Probabilistic inference hardware prevents overconfidence. Lee et al. report a Gaussian-like memory transistor using p-n junction coupled with separate floating gate, offering precise control of the Gaussian outputs, simplified circuit design, and low power consumption for inference computing.
- Changhyeon Lee
- , Leila Rahimifard
- & Sung Gap Im
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Article
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Broadband nonlinear modulation of incoherent light using a transparent optoelectronic neuron array
Merging 2D transparent phototransistors and liquid crystal modulators, authors report an optoelectronic neuron array for self-amplitude modulation of spatially incoherent light, achieving a large nonlinear contrast over a broad spectrum at orders-of-magnitude lower intensity.
- Dehui Zhang
- , Dong Xu
- & Xiangfeng Duan
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Article
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Universal growth of perovskite thin monocrystals from high solute flux for sensitive self-driven X-ray detection
Liu et al. report a universal solution growth method for perovskite thin monocrystals by improving the mass transfer in the high solute flux system. The approach is applied to 29 types of perovskites with growth velocity up to 27.2 µm min-1 and enables efficient self-driven X-ray detectors.
- Da Liu
- , Yichu Zheng
- & Yu Hou
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Article
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Biomimetic nanocluster photoreceptors for adaptative circular polarization vision
All-in-one multi-task photoperception is desirable for artificial vision systems. Wen et al. present wafer-scale high density integration of artificial photoreceptors that combine photoadaptation and circular polarized light vision, enabled by chiral-nanocluster-conjugated molecule heterostructures.
- Wei Wen
- , Guocai Liu
- & Yunqi Liu
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Article
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Triboelectric micro-flexure-sensitive fiber electronics
Fiber electronics for monitoring micro-physiological activities are limited by their sensitivity at micro-flexure deformation. Here, Lin et al. report a micro-flexure-sensitive fiber with nanofiber buckling and ion conduction mechanism. Wearable biomechanical feedback system is demonstrated using the woven textile.
- Shaomei Lin
- , Weifeng Yang
- & Hongzhi Wang
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Article
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Ultra-fast switching memristors based on two-dimensional materials
In this work, the authors demonstrate a 2D memristor with high switching speeds of 120 ps and study its dynamic response with 3 ns short voltage pulses using statistical analysis, simulation, and modeling.
- S. S. Teja Nibhanupudi
- , Anupam Roy
- & Sanjay K. Banerjee
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Article
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Si/SiGe QuBus for single electron information-processing devices with memory and micron-scale connectivity function
Electron spin qubits in SiGe dots have emerged as promising candidates for quantum information processing. Here the authors demonstrate conveyor-mode single electron shuttling in a Si/SiGe quantum dot device spanning the length of 10 micrometres and operated with a small number of controls
- Ran Xue
- , Max Beer
- & Lars R. Schreiber
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Pushing the thinness limit of silver films for flexible optoelectronic devices via ion-beam thinning-back process
The use of thin silver films with nanometric thickness for optoelectronic devices is essential for high transparency, flexibility, and electrical properties. Ma et al. report a thinning-back process with a flood ion beam, to further reduce film thickness down to 4.5 nm.
- Dongxu Ma
- , Ming Ji
- & Huigao Duan
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Article
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Speaking without vocal folds using a machine-learning-assisted wearable sensing-actuation system
Addressing challenges in voice disorders, the authors present a self-powered, wearable sensor-actuator system based on magnetoelasticity. This innovation enables assisted speaking by capturing laryngeal movements and translating them into voice signals, bypassing the vocal folds.
- Ziyuan Che
- , Xiao Wan
- & Jun Chen
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Article
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High-performance bifacial perovskite solar cells enabled by single-walled carbon nanotubes
The suboptimal optical transmittance of back electrodes and complex fabrication process hindered development of bifacial perovskite solar cells. Here, authors apply single-walled carbon nanotubes as front and back electrodes, achieving power generation density of 36% and bifaciality factor of 98%.
- Jing Zhang
- , Xian-Gang Hu
- & Wei Zhang
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Fully inkjet-printed Ag2Se flexible thermoelectric devices for sustainable power generation
Ag2Se-based flexible thermoelectric devices are fabricated by inkjet printing technology, which demonstrate exceptional power generation performance owing to unique patterning capability and high-resolution device integration.
- Yan Liu
- , Qihao Zhang
- & Wan Jiang
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Article
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Tri-system integration in metal-oxide nanocomposites via in-situ solution-processed method for ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes
Fabricating flexible transparent electrodes with robust operational stability alongside electrical and mechanical properties is challenging. Here, Kim et al. develop ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes using in-situ solution-processing and unveil interface dynamics of the integrated tri-system.
- John Jinwook Kim
- , Kojima Shuji
- & Wallace C. H. Choy
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Article
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Neuromorphic antennal sensory system
Artificial sensory systems are often limited in structure and functionality. Here, Jiang et al. report a neuromorphic antennal sensory system that achieves spatiotemporal perception of vibrotactile and magnetic stimuli, showcasing biomimetic perceptual intelligence.
- Chengpeng Jiang
- , Honghuan Xu
- & Wentao Xu
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Article
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3D-integrated multilayered physical reservoir array for learning and forecasting time-series information
A wide reservoir computing system is an advanced architecture. However, its hardware implementation remains elusive due to the lack of 3D architecture framework. Choi et al. demonstrate such hardware made of a multilayered 3D stacked memristive crossbar array for efficient learning and forecasting.
- Sanghyeon Choi
- , Jaeho Shin
- & Gunuk Wang
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Review Article
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Hardware implementation of memristor-based artificial neural networks
Memristors hold promise for massively-parallel computing at low power. Aguirre et al. provide a comprehensive protocol of the materials and methods for designing memristive artificial neural networks with the detailed working principles of each building block and the tools for performance evaluation.
- Fernando Aguirre
- , Abu Sebastian
- & Mario Lanza
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Article
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High-order sensory processing nanocircuit based on coupled VO2 oscillators
It is challenging to create efficient and compact neuromorphic sensory system based on nano-scale nonlinear dynamics. Yang et al. present a capacitance-coupled VO2 oscillatory network, which serves as a continuous-time dynamic system for sensory pre-processing, enabling tasks such as touch and gesture recognition.
- Ke Yang
- , Yanghao Wang
- & Yuchao Yang
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Article
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A hybrid transistor with transcriptionally controlled computation and plasticity
Interfacing living systems with electronics for biosensing and biocomputing applications is challenging. Here, Gao et al. present hybrid transistors with electroactive bacteria capable of extracellular electron transfer, enabling transduction of biological computations to electrical readouts.
- Yang Gao
- , Yuchen Zhou
- & Benjamin K. Keitz
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Article
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VO2 memristor-based frequency converter with in-situ synthesize and mix for wireless internet-of-things
Frequency converters for wireless internet of things applications typically require separate circuits for different functions, causing energy and performance inefficiencies. Using an epitaxially grown VO2 memristor array, Liu et al. present a frequency converter with in-situ frequency synthesis and mix functionality.
- Chang Liu
- , Pek Jun Tiw
- & Yuchao Yang
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Article
| Open Access
Phase-engineered synthesis of atomically thin te single crystals with high on-state currents
Phase engineering of 2D tellurium could enable potential applications for (opto-)electronic devices. Here, the authors report the phase- and thickness-controlled synthesis of α-Te nanosheets and β-Te nanoribbons, showing their application for the realization of short-channel transistors.
- Jun Zhou
- , Guitao Zhang
- & Junpeng Lu
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Article
| Open Access
Neuromorphic electro-stimulation based on atomically thin semiconductor for damage-free inflammation inhibition
Bao et al. report a neuromorphic bionic electro-stimulation solution based on atomic-scale semiconductor floating-gate memory circuit, which enables efficient inhibition of acute inflammation with low stimulation currents that are damage-free to neurons.
- Rong Bao
- , Shuiyuan Wang
- & Shen Liu
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Article
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Functional nanoporous graphene superlattice
Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of doped nanoporous graphene superlattices, showing their improved properties for electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
- Hualiang Lv
- , Yuxing Yao
- & Xiaoguang Wang
Tunneling current-controlled spin states in few-layer van der Waals magnets