Engineering articles within Nature Reviews Nephrology

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  • Review Article |

    In this Review, the authors examine the biophysical and biomechanical properties that influence podocyte physiology as they integrate and adapt to stimuli from their dynamic environment within the glomerular capillaries. The authors also discuss how dysregulation and loss of biomechanical resilience in podocytes can contribute to kidney disease.

    • Jonathan Haydak
    •  & Evren U. Azeloglu

  • Comment |

    Haemodialyser technology has not advanced much in decades, despite its unresolved shortcomings. Sophisticated new computational tools such as high-fidelity surrogate in silico dialyser models could reduce the time and expense of exploring alternative designs, dialysis dose and operating conditions compared with the current gold standard in vitro studies.

    • Ruhit Sinha
    • , Michael V. Rocco
    •  & Anne E. Staples

  • Review Article |

    Renal nanomedicines may hold promise for the detection and treatment of a variety of kidney diseases. This Review describes how our understanding of the physiological principles that regulate the glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, luminal tubular uptake and re-elimination of nanoparticles in the kidneys may facilitate the selective targeting of nanomedicines to specific segments of the nephron.

    • Yingyu Huang
    • , Xuhui Ning
    •  & Jie Zheng

  • Review Article |

    Portable, wearable and implantable artificial kidney systems require compact and efficient dialysate regeneration systems and novel membranes for improved toxin removal and long-term patency. Here, the authors discuss efforts to overcome these challenges and future perspectives for achieving miniaturized dialysis.

    • David Loureiro Ramada
    • , Joost de Vries
    •  & Dimitrios Stamatialis

  • Comment |

    The drug development pipeline for kidney diseases is plagued with challenges ranging from an insufficient understanding of disease mechanisms to a lack of robust preclinical models. Bioengineering approaches have the potential to streamline preclinical drug discovery efforts and improve the success of clinical trials for kidney disease.

    • Nanditha Anandakrishnan
    •  & Evren U. Azeloglu

  • Comment |

    Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis are lifesaving but intrusive treatments that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the considerable time patients with kidney failure spend tied to their life-saving therapies, relatively few vital signs are monitored. Smart, unobtrusive approaches to track clinical parameters could help to individualize treatments and improve patient outcomes.

    • Fokko P. Wieringa
    •  & Jeroen P. Kooman

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