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| Open AccessTriboelectric micro-flexure-sensitive fiber electronics
Fiber electronics for monitoring micro-physiological activities are limited by their sensitivity at micro-flexure deformation. Here, Lin et al. report a micro-flexure-sensitive fiber with nanofiber buckling and ion conduction mechanism. Wearable biomechanical feedback system is demonstrated using the woven textile.
- Shaomei Lin
- , Weifeng Yang
- & Hongzhi Wang
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Article
| Open AccessUltra-fast switching memristors based on two-dimensional materials
In this work, the authors demonstrate a 2D memristor with high switching speeds of 120 ps and study its dynamic response with 3 ns short voltage pulses using statistical analysis, simulation, and modeling.
- S. S. Teja Nibhanupudi
- , Anupam Roy
- & Sanjay K. Banerjee
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Article
| Open AccessSi/SiGe QuBus for single electron information-processing devices with memory and micron-scale connectivity function
Electron spin qubits in SiGe dots have emerged as promising candidates for quantum information processing. Here the authors demonstrate conveyor-mode single electron shuttling in a Si/SiGe quantum dot device spanning the length of 10 micrometres and operated with a small number of controls
- Ran Xue
- , Max Beer
- & Lars R. Schreiber
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Article
| Open AccessPushing the thinness limit of silver films for flexible optoelectronic devices via ion-beam thinning-back process
The use of thin silver films with nanometric thickness for optoelectronic devices is essential for high transparency, flexibility, and electrical properties. Ma et al. report a thinning-back process with a flood ion beam, to further reduce film thickness down to 4.5 nm.
- Dongxu Ma
- , Ming Ji
- & Huigao Duan
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Article
| Open AccessSpeaking without vocal folds using a machine-learning-assisted wearable sensing-actuation system
Addressing challenges in voice disorders, the authors present a self-powered, wearable sensor-actuator system based on magnetoelasticity. This innovation enables assisted speaking by capturing laryngeal movements and translating them into voice signals, bypassing the vocal folds.
- Ziyuan Che
- , Xiao Wan
- & Jun Chen
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-performance bifacial perovskite solar cells enabled by single-walled carbon nanotubes
The suboptimal optical transmittance of back electrodes and complex fabrication process hindered development of bifacial perovskite solar cells. Here, authors apply single-walled carbon nanotubes as front and back electrodes, achieving power generation density of 36% and bifaciality factor of 98%.
- Jing Zhang
- , Xian-Gang Hu
- & Wei Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessFully inkjet-printed Ag2Se flexible thermoelectric devices for sustainable power generation
Ag2Se-based flexible thermoelectric devices are fabricated by inkjet printing technology, which demonstrate exceptional power generation performance owing to unique patterning capability and high-resolution device integration.
- Yan Liu
- , Qihao Zhang
- & Wan Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessTri-system integration in metal-oxide nanocomposites via in-situ solution-processed method for ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes
Fabricating flexible transparent electrodes with robust operational stability alongside electrical and mechanical properties is challenging. Here, Kim et al. develop ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes using in-situ solution-processing and unveil interface dynamics of the integrated tri-system.
- John Jinwook Kim
- , Kojima Shuji
- & Wallace C. H. Choy
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Article
| Open AccessNeuromorphic antennal sensory system
Artificial sensory systems are often limited in structure and functionality. Here, Jiang et al. report a neuromorphic antennal sensory system that achieves spatiotemporal perception of vibrotactile and magnetic stimuli, showcasing biomimetic perceptual intelligence.
- Chengpeng Jiang
- , Honghuan Xu
- & Wentao Xu
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Article
| Open Access3D-integrated multilayered physical reservoir array for learning and forecasting time-series information
A wide reservoir computing system is an advanced architecture. However, its hardware implementation remains elusive due to the lack of 3D architecture framework. Choi et al. demonstrate such hardware made of a multilayered 3D stacked memristive crossbar array for efficient learning and forecasting.
- Sanghyeon Choi
- , Jaeho Shin
- & Gunuk Wang
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Review Article
| Open AccessHardware implementation of memristor-based artificial neural networks
Memristors hold promise for massively-parallel computing at low power. Aguirre et al. provide a comprehensive protocol of the materials and methods for designing memristive artificial neural networks with the detailed working principles of each building block and the tools for performance evaluation.
- Fernando Aguirre
- , Abu Sebastian
- & Mario Lanza
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-order sensory processing nanocircuit based on coupled VO2 oscillators
It is challenging to create efficient and compact neuromorphic sensory system based on nano-scale nonlinear dynamics. Yang et al. present a capacitance-coupled VO2 oscillatory network, which serves as a continuous-time dynamic system for sensory pre-processing, enabling tasks such as touch and gesture recognition.
- Ke Yang
- , Yanghao Wang
- & Yuchao Yang
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Article
| Open AccessA hybrid transistor with transcriptionally controlled computation and plasticity
Interfacing living systems with electronics for biosensing and biocomputing applications is challenging. Here, Gao et al. present hybrid transistors with electroactive bacteria capable of extracellular electron transfer, enabling transduction of biological computations to electrical readouts.
- Yang Gao
- , Yuchen Zhou
- & Benjamin K. Keitz
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Article
| Open AccessVO2 memristor-based frequency converter with in-situ synthesize and mix for wireless internet-of-things
Frequency converters for wireless internet of things applications typically require separate circuits for different functions, causing energy and performance inefficiencies. Using an epitaxially grown VO2 memristor array, Liu et al. present a frequency converter with in-situ frequency synthesis and mix functionality.
- Chang Liu
- , Pek Jun Tiw
- & Yuchao Yang
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Article
| Open AccessPhase-engineered synthesis of atomically thin te single crystals with high on-state currents
Phase engineering of 2D tellurium could enable potential applications for (opto-)electronic devices. Here, the authors report the phase- and thickness-controlled synthesis of α-Te nanosheets and β-Te nanoribbons, showing their application for the realization of short-channel transistors.
- Jun Zhou
- , Guitao Zhang
- & Junpeng Lu
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Article
| Open AccessNeuromorphic electro-stimulation based on atomically thin semiconductor for damage-free inflammation inhibition
Bao et al. report a neuromorphic bionic electro-stimulation solution based on atomic-scale semiconductor floating-gate memory circuit, which enables efficient inhibition of acute inflammation with low stimulation currents that are damage-free to neurons.
- Rong Bao
- , Shuiyuan Wang
- & Shen Liu
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional nanoporous graphene superlattice
Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of doped nanoporous graphene superlattices, showing their improved properties for electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
- Hualiang Lv
- , Yuxing Yao
- & Xiaoguang Wang
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Article
| Open AccessReal-time monitoring polymerization degree of organic photovoltaic materials toward no batch-to-batch variations in device performance
Polymerization degree plays a vital role in controlling material properties and batch-to-batch variations in device performance of polymer solar cells. Here, authors develop in-situ photoluminescence system in tandem to track and estimate the polymerization degree of organic photovoltaic materials.
- Lin-Yong Xu
- , Wei Wang
- & Jie Min
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of giant room-temperature anisotropic magnetoresistance in the topological insulator β-Ag2Te
Achieving room-temperature high anisotropic magnetoresistance ratios is highly desirable for magnetic sensors. Here, the authors observe a high anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio of −39% and a giant planar Hall effect (520 μΩ·cm) at room temperature under 9 T in β-Ag2Te crystals grown by CVD.
- Wei Ai
- , Fuyang Chen
- & Jinxiong Wu
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Article
| Open AccessMemristor-based storage system with convolutional autoencoder-based image compression network
Dealing with the explosive growth of diverse image data in the era of big data poses challenges for storage. Feng et al. propose a memristor-based near-storage in-memory processing system to boost the energy and storage efficiency.
- Yulin Feng
- , Yizhou Zhang
- & Jinfeng Kang
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Article
| Open AccessSteep-slope vertical-transport transistors built from sub-5 nm Thin van der Waals heterostructures
2D vertical transport transistors (VTFETs) may promote the downscaling of electronic devices, but their performance is usually restricted by the thermionic limit. Here, the authors report the realization of short-channel steep-slope VTFETs based on MoS2/MoTe2 heterojunctions integrated with resistance threshold switching cells.
- Qiyu Yang
- , Zheng-Dong Luo
- & Genquan Han
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Article
| Open AccessAnti-friction gold-based stretchable electronics enabled by interfacial diffusion-induced cohesion
Stretchable electronics require high interfacial strength between the inert metal and elastomer components for durable interconnection applications. Cao et al. show a chemical modification-free interfacial diffusion-induced cohesion strategy, using hydrophilic polyurethane to induce hydrogen bonding of gold grains.
- Jie Cao
- , Xusheng Liu
- & Ming Liu
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Article
| Open AccessManipulating solvent fluidic dynamics for large-area perovskite film-formation and white light-emitting diodes
Achieving large-area uniform film is the primary challenge to commercialise perovskite LEDs. The authors here employ green binary solvents to regulate the fluidic dynamics in perovskite quantum dot inks during blade-coating to achieve efficient 28 cm2-sized red and white perovskite LEDs.
- Guangyi Shi
- , Zongming Huang
- & Zhengguo Xiao
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Article
| Open AccessPrinted smart devices for anti-counterfeiting allowing precise identification with household equipment
The authors introduce a flexible laser printing method for synthesizing integrated optical and electric Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The PUF devices can be read out by simple household equipment and show high uniqueness and stability.
- Junfang Zhang
- , Rong Tan
- & Felix F. Loeffler
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Article
| Open AccessUnravelling the amorphous structure and crystallization mechanism of GeTe phase change memory materials
The structure of an ideal glass, crystallisation mechanism, nanoscale effects, and even parallels to organic chemistry can be drawn by conceptualizing the amorphous GeTe structure as a superposition of Te and Ge lattices with atom-specific dynamics.
- Simon Wintersteller
- , Olesya Yarema
- & Maksym Yarema
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Article
| Open AccessNon-hermiticity in spintronics: oscillation death in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators through emerging exceptional points
Exceptional points emerge in systems with loss and gain when loss and gain in the system are balanced. Due to the careful balancing involved, they are highly sensitive to perturbations, making them exceptionally useful for sensors and other devices. Here, Wittrock et al observe a variety of complex dynamics associated with exceptional points in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators.
- Steffen Wittrock
- , Salvatore Perna
- & Vincent Cros
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Article
| Open AccessElectrically induced cancellation and inversion of piezoelectricity in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric capacitors undergo a continuous transition from a positive effective to a fully inverted negative piezoelectric coefficient d33 upon electrical cycling. With proper ac training, both the net effective and the local piezoresponses can be nullified while the polarization is kept fully switchable.
- Haidong Lu
- , Dong-Jik Kim
- & Catherine Dubourdieu
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Article
| Open AccessStrain-restricted transfer of ferromagnetic electrodes for constructing reproducibly superior-quality spintronic devices
To optimize the interfacial quality and electrode magnetism in spintronic devices, the authors develop an electrode transfer technique that can greatly improve device interfacial quality, performance and reproducibility, universal to various spacers.
- Lidan Guo
- , Xianrong Gu
- & Xiangnan Sun
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Article
| Open AccessPhase transitions associated with magnetic-field induced topological orbital momenta in a non-collinear antiferromagnet
Recent work has demonstrated the potential of polycrystalIine antiferromagnetic materials for spintronics. Here the authors report evidence of magnetic phase transitions in a polycrystalline non-collinear antiferromagnet, which are explained by a phenomenological model with topological orbital momenta.
- Sihao Deng
- , Olena Gomonay
- & Christoph Sürgers
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Article
| Open AccessSelf-poled piezoelectric polymer composites via melt-state energy implantation
Lightweight flexible piezoelectric polymers are demanded for various applications, but restricted by the low instinctively piezoelectric coefficient and complex poling process. Here, the authors develop a high performance lightweight, flexible self-poled piezoelectric polymer composite towards sustainable self-powered sensing and energy harvesting.
- Zhao-Xia Huang
- , Lan-Wei Li
- & Jin-Ping Qu
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Article
| Open AccessDown-selection of biomolecules to assemble “reverse micelle” with perovskites
Introducing biomaterials into semiconductors to manifest bio-mimetic functionality is impactful to trigger new enhancement mechanisms. Here, the authors utilize different types of biomolecules to regulate the perovskite crystal lattice and endow a mechanism for stabilizing the metastable lattice.
- Haodong Wu
- , Yuchen Hou
- & Kai Wang
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Article
| Open AccessBoosting the electron beam transmittance of field emission cathode using a self-charging gate
Gate-type field emission cathodes based on carbon nanotubes face challenges of achieving high E-beam transmittance to avoid the collision with the gate to form irreversible damages. Here, the authors present a self-charging gate to control the E-beam trajectory by inducing a local electric field.
- Dongyang Xiao
- , Huanhuan Du
- & Peiyi Song
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Article
| Open AccessToward grouped-reservoir computing: organic neuromorphic vertical transistor with distributed reservoir states for efficient recognition and prediction
Existing neuromorphic hardware, focusing mainly on shallow-reservoir computing, is challenged in providing adequate spatial and temporal scales characteristic for effective computing. Here, Gao et al. report an ultra-short channel organic neuromorphic vertical transistor with distributed reservoir states.
- Changsong Gao
- , Di Liu
- & Huipeng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessPowering AI at the edge: A robust, memristor-based binarized neural network with near-memory computing and miniaturized solar cell
The authors present an AI engine with 32,768 memristors powered by a miniature solar cell. This circuit exploits near-memory computing, naturally adjusting its accuracy depending on the illumination level, and paves the way for self-powered AI.
- Fadi Jebali
- , Atreya Majumdar
- & Jean-Michel Portal
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Article
| Open AccessMagnetoresistive-coupled transistor using the Weyl semimetal NbP
L. Rocchino et al. experimentally demonstrate a magnetic field effect transistor based on the Weyl semimetal NbP as the active channel material. A gate magnetic field is generated by current flowing in an integrated superconductor NbN. The device operation relies on the extreme magnetoresistance of the NbP.
- Lorenzo Rocchino
- , Federico Balduini
- & Cezar B. Zota
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Article
| Open AccessGiant tunnelling electroresistance in atomic-scale ferroelectric tunnel junctions
The authors report ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on samarium-substituted layered bismuth oxide, which show tunnelling electroresistance of 7 × 105 and high endurance over 5 billion cycles, even when the film is down to one nanometer.
- Yueyang Jia
- , Qianqian Yang
- & Rui Yang
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Article
| Open AccessNovel nanocomposite-superlattices for low energy and high stability nanoscale phase-change memory
Data-centric applications benefit from dense, low-power memory. Here the authors use a combination of chalcogenide superlattices and nanocomposites to achieve low switching voltage (0.7 V) and fast speed (40 ns) in 40-nm-scale phase-change memory.
- Xiangjin Wu
- , Asir Intisar Khan
- & Eric Pop
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Article
| Open AccessUnraveling the crucial role of trace oxygen in organic semiconductors
Conventional deoxygenation methods typically result in inevitable trace oxygen residue in organic semiconductors. Here, Huang et al. reports a non-destructive soft-plasma treatment for deoxygenation and that removal of trace oxygen can be used to modulate p-type characteristics.
- Yinan Huang
- , Kunjie Wu
- & Wenping Hu
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Article
| Open AccessInterindividual- and blood-correlated sweat phenylalanine multimodal analytical biochips for tracking exercise metabolism
The in-depth study on the sweat–blood partitioning mechanisms of amino acids is promising for noninvasive metabolic monitoring. Here, the authors develop a wearable biochip for sweat phenylalanine multimodal analysis aimed at tracking exercise metabolic risk and exploring the sweat–blood correlation.
- Bowen Zhong
- , Xiaokun Qin
- & Lili Wang
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Article
| Open AccessFlexible switch matrix addressable electrode arrays with organic electrochemical transistor and pn diode technology
Organic neural implants hold considerable promise for biocompatible neural interfaces. Here, the authors employ polymer-based organic electrochemical diodes and transistors to develop neuron-sized complex circuits, enabling multiplexing without crosstalk and demonstrate that, when integrated onto ultra-thin plastic, these circuits achieve high performance while maintaining minimal invasiveness.
- Ilke Uguz
- , David Ohayon
- & Kenneth L. Shepard
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Article
| Open AccessA self-powered intracardiac pacemaker in swine model
Harvesting biomechanical energy from cardiac motion is an attractive power source for implantable bioelectronic devices. Here, the authors report a battery-free, transcatheter, self-powered intracardiac pacemaker for the treatment of arrhythmia in large animal models.
- Zhuo Liu
- , Yiran Hu
- & Zhong Lin Wang
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Article
| Open AccessDigital automation of transdermal drug delivery with high spatiotemporal resolution
Microneedle patches that can actively address individual needles are challenging to realize. Here, the authors introduce a spatiotemporal on-demand patch for precise and personalized drug delivery, utilizing electrically triggered control with drug-loaded microneedles and biocompatible metallic membranes.
- Yihang Wang
- , Zeka Chen
- & Wubin Bai
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Article
| Open AccessA ferroelectric fin diode for robust non-volatile memory
Designing efficient high-density crossbar arrays are nowadays highly demanded for many artificial intelligence applications. Here, the authors propose a two-terminal ferroelectric fin diode non-volatile memory in which a ferroelectric capacitor and a fin-like semiconductor channel are combined to share both top and bottom electrodes with high performance and easy fabrication process
- Guangdi Feng
- , Qiuxiang Zhu
- & Chungang Duan
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Article
| Open AccessWide-range soft anisotropic thermistor with a direct wireless radio frequency interface
Thermistors typically read at DC or low frequencies have limited temperature-sensing ranges. Here, authors show how a radio frequency readout can overcome the decades-old range limitation of thermistors, while creating a wireless interface for a soft thermistor composite through antennas and RFID.
- Mahmoud Wagih
- , Junjie Shi
- & Steve Beeby
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Article
| Open AccessStretchable and negative-Poisson-ratio porous metamaterials
In this work, authors demonstrate highly stretchable conductive porous elastomers that can achieve up to 1200% strain with low or negative Poisson’s ratios by uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial hot-pressing strategies.
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- , Qi Sun
- & Guoqing Zu
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Article
| Open AccessCompact and wideband nanoacoustic pass-band filters for future 5G and 6G cellular radios
This work addresses the fundamental challenge of the frequency up-scaling of microacoustic devices. The manuscript presents the first bank of on-chip multi-frequency, low-loss, wideband, and compact passband filters for mobile 5G and 6G applications.
- Gabriel Giribaldi
- , Luca Colombo
- & Matteo Rinaldi
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Article
| Open AccessCation-π interactions enabled water-stable perovskite X-ray flat mini-panel imager
The water stability of perovskites remains challenging due to their intrinsic ionic nature. Here, the authors present water stable perovskite X-ray imager driven by strong cation-π interactions between organic cations and a complete release of microstrain during dimension transformation process.
- Wanting Pan
- , Yuhong He
- & Haotong Wei
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Article
| Open AccessUltrashort vertical-channel MoS2 transistor using a self-aligned contact
The simultaneous scaling down of the channel length and gate length of 2D transistors remains challenging. Here, the authors report a self-alignment process to fabricate vertical MoS2 transistors with sub-1 nm gate length and sub−50 nm channel length, exhibiting on-off ratios over 105 and on-state currents of 250 μA/μm at 4 V bias.
- Liting Liu
- , Yang Chen
- & Yuan Liu
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Article
| Open AccessPurely self-rectifying memristor-based passive crossbar array for artificial neural network accelerators
Designing memristor-integrated passive crossbar arrays to accelerate artificial neural networks with high reliability remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a self-rectifying resistive switching device incorporated into a crossbar array with a density of 1 kb whose operational performance is assessed in terms of defected-cell proportion, reading margin, and selection functionality.
- Kanghyeok Jeon
- , Jin Joo Ryu
- & Gun Hwan Kim