Featured
-
-
Article
| Open AccessIntegrating leiomyoma genetics, epigenomics, and single-cell transcriptomics reveals causal genetic variants, genes, and cell types
Here the authors identify gene targets and causal cell types affected by genetic risk loci in uterine fibroids by combining meta-analysis on existing fibroid genome-wide association studies and integrated the identified risk loci and potentially causal single nucleotide polymorphisms with epigenomics, transcriptomics, 3D chromatin organization from diverse cell types as well as primary uterine fibroids patient’s samples.
- Kadir Buyukcelebi
- , Alexander J. Duval
- & Mazhar Adli
-
Article
| Open AccessRegulating protein corona on nanovesicles by glycosylated polyhydroxy polymer modification for efficient drug delivery
The dynamic protein corona hinders the uptake of nanocarriers in desired target cell populations, limiting their bench-to-bedside translation. Here the authors reveal that the modification of hydroxyl and amino functional groups on nanovesicles can rationally regulate the composition of protein coronas to improve the efficiency of targeted drug delivery.
- Yunqiu Miao
- , Lijun Li
- & Yong Gan
-
Article
| Open AccessA clinically applicable connectivity signature for glioblastoma includes the tumor network driver CHI3L1
In glioblastoma (GBM), tumour microtubes (TM) connect tumour cells to a broader cellular network, with roles in tumour progression and therapy resistance. Here, the authors combine a dye uptake method in GBM xenograft models with subsequent scRNA-seq to infer a TM connectivity signature, finding CHI3L1 as a marker of connectivity.
- Ling Hai
- , Dirk C. Hoffmann
- & Tobias Kessler
-
Article
| Open AccessRedox-responsive polymer micelles co-encapsulating immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents for glioblastoma therapy
Immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy has shown limited efficacy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Here the authors describe the design of redox-responsive micelles for increasing the delivery of paclitaxel and anti-PD-L1 in the brain, showing improved anti-tumor immune response in preclinical GBM models.
- Zhiqi Zhang
- , Xiaoxuan Xu
- & Shenghong Ju
-
Article
| Open AccessTumor reactive γδ T cells contribute to a complete response to PD-1 blockade in a Merkel cell carcinoma patient
Immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapy has been designed to enable tumor killing by conventional αβ T cells. Here authors show that in a Merkel cell carcinoma patient showing complete response to anti-PD-1 treatment, innate-like γδ T cells that specifically recognize the tumor cells expand, and likely contribute to therapeutic success.
- Scott C. Lien
- , Dalam Ly
- & Pamela S. Ohashi
-
Article
| Open AccessHeavy-to-light electron transition enabling real-time spectra detection of charged particles by a biocompatible semiconductor
New detector materials are crucial for radiation beam monitoring in dosimeters and X-ray imaging. The authors report a solution-grown biocompatible organic single crystalline semiconductor for real-time spectral detection of charged particles with single-particle sensitivity, X-ray detection and imaging.
- Dou Zhao
- , Ruiling Gao
- & Yadong Xu
-
Article
| Open AccessAneuploid embryonic stem cells drive teratoma metastasis
Aneuploidy is associated with cancer metastasis, but the causal relationship between them is unclear. Here the authors show that aneuploid murine embryonic stem cells lead to teratomas that can spread to multiple organs without requiring additional driver gene mutations and identify unique cell populations with high stemness in aneuploid teratomas.
- Rong Xiao
- , Deshu Xu
- & Yue Huang
-
Article
| Open AccessG-quadruplexes promote the motility in MAZ phase-separated condensates to activate CCND1 expression and contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis
G-quadruplexes (G4s) can recruit transcription factors to activate genes. Here, the authors revealed that G4s drive molecular motility in phase-separated condensates of MAZ and coactivators, leading to activated CCND1 expression in liver cancer.
- Wenmeng Wang
- , Dangdang Li
- & Guangchao Sui
-
Article
| Open AccessLeukaemia exposure alters the transcriptional profile and function of BCR::ABL1 negative macrophages in the bone marrow niche
The function of macrophages in myeloid leukaemia can be difficult to assess because of lack of differentiation between transformed and non-transformed cells. Here the authors use a chimeric mouse model to characterise the effect of myeloid leukaemia on bystander macrophages noting altered functional properties of these cells.
- Amy Dawson
- , Martha M. Zarou
- & G. Vignir Helgason
-
Article
| Open AccessLogical design of synthetic cis-regulatory DNA for genetic tracing of cell identities and state changes
Descriptive data in biomedical research are expanding rapidly, but functional validation methods lag behind. Here, authors present Logical Synthetic cis-regulatory DNA, a framework to design reporters that mark cellular states and pathways, showcasing its applicability to complex phenotypic states.
- Carlos Company
- , Matthias Jürgen Schmitt
- & Gaetano Gargiulo
-
Article
| Open AccessCamrelizumab and apatinib plus induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 2 clinical trial
The antiangiogenic agent apatinib has been shown to clinically improve responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in several cancer types. Here the authors report the results of a phase II clinical trial of camrelizumab (anti-PD1) and apatinib plus induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Hu Liang
- , Yao-Fei Jiang
- & Yan-Qun Xiang
-
Article
| Open AccessThe anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody KN046 in combination with nab-paclitaxel in first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a multicenter phase II trial
KN046 is a recombinant anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody that has shown clinical activity in different advanced solid tumors. Here the authors report the results of a phase II study of KN046 in combination with nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.
- Qiao Li
- , Jiaxuan Liu
- & Binghe Xu
-
Article
| Open AccessANKRD1 is a mesenchymal-specific driver of cancer-associated fibroblast activation bridging androgen receptor loss to AP-1 activation
The transcriptional program controlling the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) remains to be elucidated. Here, the authors identify ANKRD1 as a mesenchymal-specific driver of CAF activation under negative direct control of androgen receptor, triggering AP-1 transcription factor complex activation.
- Luigi Mazzeo
- , Soumitra Ghosh
- & G. Paolo Dotto
-
Article
| Open AccessDetection of senescence using machine learning algorithms based on nuclear features
Identifying senescence is complicated by a lack of universal markers. Here, Duran et al. use nuclear morphology features to devise machine-learning classifiers that detect senescence in cell lines and liver sections of patients and mouse models of aging and disease.
- Imanol Duran
- , Joaquim Pombo
- & Jesús Gil
-
Article
| Open AccessPhosphorylation of human glioma-associated oncogene 1 on Ser937 regulates Sonic Hedgehog signaling in medulloblastoma
Upregulation of GLI1 of has previously been reported in sonic hedgehog (SHH) driven medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Here, the authors find that SHH-inactivation of p38 results in stabilization of the transcription factor GLI1 via dephosphorylation at Ser937, resulting in expression of SHH genes and presenting a potential therapy strategy for medulloblastoma and BCC.
- Ling-Hui Zeng
- , Chao Tang
- & Jirong Wang
-
Article
| Open AccessTargeting ALK averts ribonuclease 1-induced immunosuppression and enhances antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have now been approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however only a minority of patients appear to benefit. Here the authors report that RNase1 levels predict response to nivolumab (anti-PD1) in patients with HCC and that RNase 1 overexpression correlates with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in HCC preclinical models.
- Chunxiao Liu
- , Chenhao Zhou
- & Mien-Chie Hung
-
Article
| Open AccessMutation-specific CAR T cells as precision therapy for IGLV3-21R110 expressing high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia
The subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) expressing the IGLV3- 21R110 BCR light chain often shows an aggressive clinical course. Here the authors report the development and characterization of IGLV3-21R110- targeted CAR T cells, showing selective targeting and eradication of IGLV3- 21R110 expressing CLL cells.
- Florian Märkl
- , Christoph Schultheiß
- & Mascha Binder
-
Article
| Open AccessNuclear to cytoplasmic transport is a druggable dependency in MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma
The MYC oncogene is activated in the majority of human cancers and has proven challenging to target therapeutically. In this study, the authors identify genome-wide MYC synthetic-lethal interactions that could serve as potential alternative targets for the treatment of MYC-driven cancers.
- Anja Deutzmann
- , Delaney K. Sullivan
- & Dean W. Felsher
-
Article
| Open AccessLongitudinal plasma proteome profiling reveals the diversity of biomarkers for diagnosis and cetuximab therapy response of colorectal cancer
Resistance to cetuximab is a common feature of colorectal cancer progression. Here, the authors utilize longitudinal proteomic profiling of 147 colorectal cancer patients and find potential biomarkers which can predict treatment response.
- Yan Li
- , Bing Wang
- & Chen Ding
-
Article
| Open AccessNeutral ceramidase regulates breast cancer progression by metabolic programming of TREM2-associated macrophages
Ceramide, a central molecule in sphingolipid metabolism, has been shown to affect the development and functionality of myeloid cells. Here the authors report that myeloid deficiency of neutral ceramidase (NcDase), the enzyme converting ceramide into sphingosine, induces an immunosuppressive phenotype of tumor associated macrophages, linked to T cell exhaustion in breast cancer preclinical models.
- Rui Sun
- , Chao Lei
- & Zhongbin Deng
-
Article
| Open AccessDurvalumab and guadecitabine in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: results from the phase Ib/II study BTCRC-GU16-043
Preclinical studies have suggested the synergistic effect of epigenetic modulators and immunotherapy. Here the authors report the results of a phase Ib/II trial of durvalumab and guadecitabine in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
- Yousef Zakharia
- , Eric A. Singer
- & Ajjai Alva
-
Article
| Open AccessToripalimab plus capecitabine in the treatment of patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm phase 2 trial
Although most patients achieve complete response after standard-of-care treatment, residual disease in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of toripalimab (anti-PD1) plus capecitabine for patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Xun Cao
- , Hao-Yang Huang
- & Xing Lv
-
Article
| Open AccessBacterial protoplast-derived nanovesicles carrying CRISPR-Cas9 tools re-educate tumor-associated macrophages for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing systems have great potential in cancer therapy. Here the authors report a gene-editing delivery system using functionalized nanovesicles derived from E. coli protoplasts to encapsulate Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein for the selective targeting of Pik3cg in tumor associated macrophages.
- Mingming Zhao
- , Xiaohui Cheng
- & Junfeng Zhang
-
Article
| Open AccessFLIP(C1orf112)-FIGNL1 complex regulates RAD51 chromatin association to promote viability after replication stress
Recombination is essential for life. Here, the authors characterize FLIP as a novel regulator of the key recombination protein RAD51’s functions. FLIP loss caused marked sensitivity to DNA damage, increased DNA breakage and defective replication.
- Jessica D. Tischler
- , Hiroshi Tsuchida
- & Richard O. Adeyemi
-
Article
| Open AccessIn-situ-sprayed therapeutic hydrogel for oxygen-actuated Janus regulation of postsurgical tumor recurrence/metastasis and wound healing
Surgery is a primary therapeutic modality for treating melanoma, but it is challenging to tackle tumor recurrence/metastasis and postsurgical wounds. Here the authors report a sprayable hydrogel capable of long-lasting and controllable oxygen supply for preventing tumor recurrence/metastasis and simultaneously promoting wound healing during the postsurgical treatment of melanoma.
- Shuiling Chen
- , Yang Luo
- & Shaobing Zhou
-
Article
| Open AccessCaloric restriction leads to druggable LSD1-dependent cancer stem cells expansion
Caloric restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to have a role in tumour growth and therapy response but its effects on cancer stem cells are less known. Here, in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, the authors show that despite initial anti-tumour effect, CR drives the selection of leukaemia-initiating cells resulting in relapse which could be prevented by ablation of LSD1.
- Rani Pallavi
- , Elena Gatti
- & Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
-
Article
| Open AccessReconstitution of human PDAC using primary cells reveals oncogenic transcriptomic features at tumor onset
The cellular origin of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still unclear. Here the authors used human primary acinar and ductal cells to successfully reconstitute PDAC tumorigenesis from both lineages and revealed transcriptional changes during early PDAC progression.
- Yi Xu
- , Michael H. Nipper
- & Pei Wang
-
Article
| Open AccessNon-invasive transdermal delivery of biomacromolecules with fluorocarbon-modified chitosan for melanoma immunotherapy and viral vaccines
Different approaches have been described for the transdermal delivery of drugs. Here the authors report the design of a fluorocarbon modified chitosan-based non-invasive transdermal platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules, such as viral antigens for vaccines or immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma immunotherapy.
- Wenjun Zhu
- , Ting Wei
- & Zhuang Liu
-
Article
| Open AccessA wearable electrostimulation-augmented ionic-gel photothermal patch doped with MXene for skin tumor treatment
A wearable biological patch capable of producing multiple responses to light and electricity without interfering with daily activities is desired for skin cancer treatment but remains elusive. Herein, the authors report a skin-mountable and dual-responsive electrothermal patch for melanoma treatment by the co-therapy of photothermal and electrical stimulations.
- Xingkai Ju
- , Jiao Kong
- & Yongdong Jin
-
Article
| Open AccessTransposable elements mediate genetic effects altering the expression of nearby genes in colorectal cancer
It has been suggested that transposable elements (TE) play a role in tumourigenesis, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show, using colorectal cancer data and Bayesian Networks, that TEs can mediate the effect of expression quantitative trait loci and contribute to the regulation of cancer-related genes.
- Nikolaos M. R. Lykoskoufis
- , Evarist Planet
- & Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
-
Article
| Open AccessMHC-I upregulation safeguards neoplastic T cells in the skin against NK cell-mediated eradication in mycosis fungoides
Defective immune responses have been reported in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Here the authors show that in patients with mycosis fungoides, the most common CTCL, malignant T cells upregulate MHC-I as a mechanism to evade NK-mediated immunity.
- Yun-Tsan Chang
- , Pacôme Prompsy
- & Emmanuella Guenova
-
Article
| Open AccessInterplay between ATRX and IDH1 mutations governs innate immune responses in diffuse gliomas
ATRX inactivation occurs often in IDH-mutant gliomas and has been associated with immune dysfunction. Here, using preclinical models of glioma, the authors show that ATRX inactivation promotes innate immune signalling in response to double stranded RNA-based innate immune agonists, an effect that is masked in IDH-mutant tumours, presenting a therapeutic vulnerability.
- Seethalakshmi Hariharan
- , Benjamin T. Whitfield
- & David M. Ashley
-
Article
| Open AccessRobustly federated learning model for identifying high-risk patients with postoperative gastric cancer recurrence
Medical data faces isolation and cross-center performance issues. Here, the authors propose a robust federated learning model to identify high-risk postoperative gastric cancer recurrence, achieving promising results across data from four independent medical institutions.
- Bao Feng
- , Jiangfeng Shi
- & Wansheng Long
-
Article
| Open AccessRapid functional impairment of natural killer cells following tumor entry limits anti-tumor immunity
Natural killer (NK) cells control tumor growth through direct cytotoxicity and recruitment of other leukocytes. Here, using photoconversion-based labeling to track the fate of NK cells in vivo, the authors demonstrate that loss of NK cell function occurs very rapidly following their entry into tumors, but can be reversed by IL-15 administration.
- Isaac Dean
- , Colin Y. C. Lee
- & David R. Withers
-
Article
| Open AccessTumour-retained activated CCR7+ dendritic cells are heterogeneous and regulate local anti-tumour cytolytic activity
Recognition of tumour antigen induces dendritic cell activation and migration to the lymph node. Here, the authors use photoconvertible mice to demonstrate that some activated dendritic cells are retained in tumours and gradually lose function, but their ability to support local anti-tumour responses can be augmented by anti-PD-L1 blockade.
- Colin Y. C. Lee
- , Bethany C. Kennedy
- & Menna R. Clatworthy
-
Article
| Open AccessAKT1 phosphorylation of cytoplasmic ME2 induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis for tumorigenesis
The metabolic switch of tumours to aerobic glycolysis can allow them to meet their increasing energetic demands. Here, the authors show that AKT1 regulates this switch through the phosphorylation of malic enzyme 2 (ME2) preventing mitochondrial translocation. In turn this pushes the cell from mitochondrial metabolism to glycolysis, promoting tumour growth.
- Taiqi Chen
- , Siyi Xie
- & Wenjing Du
-
Article
| Open AccessDurvalumab plus pazopanib combination in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a phase II trial
Response rates to immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced sarcoma remain modest. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 study of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) in combination with the anti-VEGF receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitor pazopanib in unselected advanced sarcomas with correlative genomic analysis.
- Hee Jin Cho
- , Kum-Hee Yun
- & Hyo Song Kim
-
Article
| Open AccessActivating p53 abolishes self-renewal of quiescent leukaemic stem cells in residual CML disease
The inability of tyrosine kinase inhibitors to eliminate quiescent leukaemic stem cells (LSC) in chromic myeloid leukaemia (CML) results in recurrence. Here, the authors identify a reliance of CML LSCs on low P53 expression for self-renewal and therapeutically target this by combining an MDM2 inhibitor with TKI in preclinical models of CML.
- Mary T. Scott
- , Wei Liu
- & David Vetrie
-
Article
| Open AccessA telomere-targeting drug depletes cancer initiating cells and promotes anti-tumor immunity in small cell lung cancer
Therapeutic options for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are limited. Here the authors show that a telomere-targeting drug, 6-Thio-2’-deoxyguanosine, inhibits growth of SCLC tumors by inducing telomere dysfunction preferentially in cancer initiating cells and promoting anti-tumor immune responses.
- Buse Eglenen-Polat
- , Ryan R. Kowash
- & Esra A. Akbay
-
Article
| Open AccessMARS an improved de novo peptide candidate selection method for non-canonical antigen target discovery in cancer
Detection of neoepitopes from tumours is time consuming and requires the integration of genomic and/or RNA sequencing expression data. Here, the authors propose a machine learning method to enable direct identification of additional, tumour-specific sequences using mass spectrometry through integration of de novo peptide sequencing scores, MHC class I binding prediction, and peptide retention time prediction.
- Hanqing Liao
- , Carolina Barra
- & Nicola Ternette
-
Article
| Open AccessCell state dependent effects of Bmal1 on melanoma immunity and tumorigenicity
It has been reported that the circadian clock regulator Bmal1 can modulate tumorigenesis. Here the authors show that ectopic expression of Bmal1 promotes an immune resistant mesenchymal melanoma cell state associated with increased AP-1 activity.
- Xue Zhang
- , Shishir M. Pant
- & Chi V. Dang
-
Article
| Open AccessLeukemia inhibitory factor suppresses hepatic de novo lipogenesis and induces cachexia in mice
Cancer cachexia is a systemic syndrome characterized by dramatic weight loss and decline in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Here, the authors show that overexpression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a secreted cytokine, suppresses de novo lipogenesis and induces cachexia in mice.
- Xue Yang
- , Jianming Wang
- & Wenwei Hu
-
Article
| Open AccessMacro CD5L+ deteriorates CD8+T cells exhaustion and impairs combination of Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin-Lenvatinib-anti-PD1 therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
The role of the tumor microenvironment in immunotherapy response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Here, single cell RNA and TCR sequencing of samples before and after immunotherapy highlights the role of CD8 T-cell status conversion and exhaustion induced by Macro CD5L+ in treatment response.
- Jia-Cheng Lu
- , Lei-Lei Wu
- & Jia Fan
-
Article
| Open AccessEngineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia
There is an unmet medical need for the detection and treatment of early adenomas to prevent their progression to malignant disease. Here the authors show that orally administered E. coli Nissle 1917 can selectively colonize adenomas in mouse models and in patients as a detection tool, as well as deliver immunotherapeutics for colorectal neoplasia treatment.
- Candice R. Gurbatri
- , Georgette A. Radford
- & Tal Danino
-
Article
| Open AccessBispecific BCMA/CD24 CAR-T cells control multiple myeloma growth
BCMA-specific CAR T-cell therapies have shown high response rates in multiple myeloma (MM), however the majority of patients still relapse. Here the authors show that CD24-positive MM cells increase after BCMA-CAR-T treatment in patients, and that dual-targeted BCMA/CD24 CAR-T cells can improve anti-tumor efficacy in MM preclinical models.
- Fumou Sun
- , Yan Cheng
- & Fenghuang Zhan
-
Article
| Open AccessThe CUL5 E3 ligase complex negatively regulates central signaling pathways in CD8+ T cells
CD8 + T cells are central players in anti-tumour immunity. Here authors identify Cul5, a ubiquitin E3 ligase as an important inhibitor of CD8 + T cell anti-tumour cytotoxicity and persistence via involvement with both T cell receptor and cytokine-regulated central pathways.
- Xiaofeng Liao
- , Wenxue Li
- & Dianqing Wu
-
Article
| Open AccessClinical application of tumour-in-normal contamination assessment from whole genome sequencing
Assessing tumour contamination in normal samples is critical for accurate variant calling in cancer samples. Here, the authors develop TINC, a computational method to determine the level of tumour in normal contamination, and demonstrate its application in the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project dataset.
- Jonathan Mitchell
- , Salvatore Milite
- & Giulio Caravagna
-
Article
| Open AccessGeneration and optimization of off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics targeting TCR-Vβ2+ T cell malignancy
Clonal Vb2 usage is common among patients with mature T cell lymphoma. Here the authors report the generation of allogeneic CAR-T cells selectively targeting TCR Vb2+ on malignant T cells, with limited normal T cell destruction.
- Jingjing Ren
- , Xiaofeng Liao
- & Michael Girardi
-
Article
| Open AccessFunctional interactions between neurofibromatosis tumor suppressors underlie Schwann cell tumor de-differentiation and treatment resistance
The molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of the Schwann lineage in Schwann cell tumours remain to be explored. Here, the authors suggest that NF2 inactivation leads to PAK activation leading to NF1-mutant Schwann cell tumour de-differentiation and resistance to selumetinib.
- Harish N. Vasudevan
- , Emily Payne
- & David R. Raleigh
Browse broader subjects
Browse narrower subjects
- Bone cancer
- Breast cancer
- Cancer epidemiology
- Cancer genetics
- Cancer genomics
- Cancer imaging
- Cancer metabolism
- Cancer microenvironment
- Cancer models
- Cancer of unknown primary
- Cancer prevention
- Cancer screening
- Cancer stem cells
- Cancer therapy
- CNS cancer
- Cysts
- Embryonal neoplasms
- Endocrine cancer
- Eye cancer
- Gastrointestinal cancer
- Germ cell tumours
- Gynaecological cancer
- Haematological cancer
- Hamartoma
- Head and neck cancer
- Lung cancer
- Mesothelioma
- Metastasis
- Oncogenes
- Oral cancer
- Paediatric cancer
- Sarcoma
- Skin cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Tumour angiogenesis
- Tumour biomarkers
- Tumour heterogeneity
- Tumour immunology
- Tumour-suppressor proteins
- Tumour virus infections
- Urological cancer