Featured
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Article
| Open Access
CRISPR-Cas-amplified urinary biomarkers for multiplexed and portable cancer diagnostics
Protease profiling of the tumour microenvironment using DNA-barcoded nanosensors and CRISPR amplification enables portable cancer diagnosis in preclinical models.
- Liangliang Hao
- , Renee T. Zhao
- & Sangeeta N. Bhatia
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News & Views |
Rerouting nanoparticles to bone marrow via neutrophil hitchhiking
Drug delivery to the bone marrow has limited efficiency, hitchhiking on bone marrow homing neutrophils offers a solution.
- Ningqiang Gong
- & Michael J. Mitchell
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News & Views |
Artificial intelligence assists nanoparticles to enter solid tumours
Single blood vessel analysis by artificial intelligence (AI) reveals heterogeneous vascular permeability among different tumour types, which is leveraged in rationally designing protein nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to achieve active trans-endothelial permeability in tumours.
- Lutz Nuhn
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Article |
Neutrophil hitchhiking for drug delivery to the bone marrow
Systemic drug delivery to the bone marrow is limited, currently requiring high doses of drug, increasing the risk of side effects. Here, the authors report on the hitchhiking of drug nanoparticles in neutrophils using their natural homing to the bone marrow for targeted delivery, and demonstrate its application.
- Zhenyu Luo
- , Yichao Lu
- & Jian You
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News & Views |
Transport mechanisms
A study of the transport of gold nanoparticles in the kidney nephron shows a previously unreported transport pathway.
- Robert Unwin
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Article |
Proximal tubules eliminate endocytosed gold nanoparticles through an organelle-extrusion-mediated self-renewal mechanism
Understanding the pathways of nanoparticle removal from the body is important for nanomedicine applications and safety. Here the authors report the elimination of gold nanoparticles from the proximal tubules in the kidney via a newly described elimination pathway.
- Yingyu Huang
- , Mengxiao Yu
- & Jie Zheng
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News & Views |
Imaging pathology goes nanoscale with a low-cost strategy
Combination of physical tissue expansion and super-resolution radial fluctuations achieves nanoscale resolution in pathology specimens with LED-based widefield microscopy.
- Brendan R. Gallagher
- & Yongxin Zhao
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Letter
| Open Access
Expansion-enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations enable nanoscale molecular profiling of pathology specimens
Complex clinical samples can be imaged with 25 nm resolution using a light-emitting-diode-based wide-field microscope.
- Dominik Kylies
- , Marina Zimmermann
- & Victor G. Puelles
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Article |
Carbon nanotube recognition by human Siglec-14 provokes inflammation
This study uncovers the role of aromatic clusters in the receptor extracellular loop of sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that recognize carbon nanotubes and suggests inhibiting Syk signalling as a therapeutic intervention against inflammation.
- Shin-Ichiro Yamaguchi
- , Qilin Xie
- & Masafumi Nakayama
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Article
| Open Access
Ectopic expression of a mechanosensitive channel confers spatiotemporal resolution to ultrasound stimulations of neurons for visual restoration
Sonogenetics provides neuron-specific activation at high spatiotemporal resolution ex vivo in retina and in vivo deep in the visual cortex using the AAV gene delivery of a mechanosensitive ion channel and low-intensity ultrasound stimulations.
- Sara Cadoni
- , Charlie Demené
- & Serge Picaud
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Article |
Artificial-enzymes-armed Bifidobacterium longum probiotics for alleviating intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis
Approaches to treat inflammatory bowel disease with probiotics or artificial enzymes have advantages and limitations. Here we combine the advantages to overcome the individual limitations by modifying probiotics with artificial enzymes and demonstrate application in treating inflammatory bowel disease.
- Fangfang Cao
- , Lulu Jin
- & Zhengwei Mao
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Article |
DNA-framework-based multidimensional molecular classifiers for cancer diagnosis
The authors use a DNA-framework-based molecular classifier to perform biomarker panel screening and analyse six biomarkers across three-dimensional datatypes to obtain a molecular taxonomy for prostate cancer diagnosis.
- Fangfei Yin
- , Haipei Zhao
- & Chunhai Fan
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Article |
Membrane-anchored DNA nanojunctions enable closer antigen-presenting cell–T-cell contact in elevated T-cell receptor triggering
Mechanically rigid and geometrically stable nano-scaffolds decrease intermembrane spacing at the immunological synapse, leading to the exclusion of tyrosine phosphatase CD45 protein and enhancement of T-cell signalling.
- Yulin Du
- , Yifan Lyu
- & Weihong Tan
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Comment |
The need for awareness and action in managing nanowaste
Waste containing nanomaterials — or nanowaste — is an emerging safety concern worldwide, warranting specific environmentally sound waste management and regulation.
- Fabienne Schwab
- , Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- & Alke Petri-Fink
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Article |
Structure, folding and flexibility of co-transcriptional RNA origami
RNA nanostructures can be designed to fold during transcription, but the solution structure has remained elusive. Here the authors use cryogenic electron microscopy to determine the structure of a panel of RNA origami shapes and uncover the design and folding principles.
- Ewan K. S. McRae
- , Helena Østergaard Rasmussen
- & Ebbe Sloth Andersen
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News & Views |
Multidrug nanomedicine
Polymer-based nanomedicines have been engineered to ratiometrically deliver three different drugs to tumors, thereby bridging in vitro–in vivo correlation and producing synergistic therapeutic efficacy in multiple myeloma mouse models.
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- & Twan Lammers
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Article |
Machine-learning-assisted single-vessel analysis of nanoparticle permeability in tumour vasculatures
Using genetically tailored protein-based nanoprobes and taking advantage of image-segmentation-based machine learning, a high-throughput assessment of vascular permeability of individual blood vessels in 32 different tumours is quantified. These insights are valuable in developing personalized anticancer nanomedicine therapeutics and strategies modulating vascular permeability to treat tumours.
- Mingsheng Zhu
- , Jie Zhuang
- & Xinglu Huang
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Article |
Molecular bottlebrush prodrugs as mono- and triplex combination therapies for multiple myeloma
Although nanomedicine has shown benefits with respect to soluble drug administration, whether delivery of multiple drugs within the same nanocarrier has advantages over administration of single-drug nanomedicines or combination of free drugs at the same dosage is unclear. Here we use a bottlebrush prodrug platform to show that the delivery of three drugs in a synergistic combination in animal models outperforms other combinatorial approaches for multiple myeloma therapy.
- Alexandre Detappe
- , Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- & Jeremiah A. Johnson
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Article |
A nanoadjuvant that dynamically coordinates innate immune stimuli activation enhances cancer immunotherapy and reduces immune cell exhaustion
Although conventional innate immune stimuli contribute to immune activation, they induce exhausted immune cells, resulting in suboptimal cancer immunotherapy. Now, a kinetically activating nanoadjuvant can dynamically integrate two waves of innate immune stimuli, in terms of the order, duration and time window, which results in effective antitumour immunity without immune cell exhaustion.
- Seung Mo Jin
- , Yeon Jeong Yoo
- & Yong Taik Lim
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News & Views |
Nanosensors for monitoring plant health
Nanosensors allow early detection of the onset and type of plant stress for a more precise and sustainable agriculture
- Juan Pablo Giraldo
- & Sebastian Kruss
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Letter |
DNA double helix, a tiny electromotor
A single DNA or RNA duplex can rotate unidirectionally when subject to an external electric field, generating sufficient torque to power rotary motion of larger nanoscale objects.
- Christopher Maffeo
- , Lauren Quednau
- & Aleksei Aksimentiev
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Article |
Multi-micron crisscross structures grown from DNA-origami slats
Addressable DNA structures with lateral dimensions of ~2 µm can be self-assembled starting from over 1,000 distinct DNA-origami monomers via joint capture of the non-nearest neighbours.
- Christopher M. Wintersinger
- , Dionis Minev
- & William M. Shih
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Review Article |
The potential impact of nanomedicine on COVID-19-induced thrombosis
This Review analyses the possibilities that a nanomedicine approach offers to tackle COVID-19-induced thrombosis and the associated challenges.
- Peije Russell
- , Lars Esser
- & Nicolas H. Voelcker
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Article |
Targeting the activity of T cells by membrane surface redox regulation for cancer theranostics
Measuring the in situ activation status of T cells is important to gauge the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches. In this Article the authors design a chemical probe that binds to the T cell membrane and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), preventing ROS-driven T cell exhaustion while serving as a magnetic resonance imaging probe to quantify T cell activity in tumours and predict radiotherapy outcomes.
- Changrong Shi
- , Qianyu Zhang
- & Zijian Zhou
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Article |
In vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensor for the real-time monitoring of multiple stress signalling molecules in plants
A non-destructive surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering-based nanoprobe detects multiple endogenous molecules in living plants that are released under either abiotic or biotic stress, indicating the possible onset of a disease.
- Won Ki Son
- , Yun Sik Choi
- & Seon-Yeong Kwak
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News & Views |
Non-reciprocal interaction for living matter
Combining equilibrium self-assembly with coupling mechanisms defying Newton’s third law allows for the design of programmable, time-varying, self-organized assemblies mimicking living matter.
- Sabine H. L. Klapp
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Letter
| Open Access
Graphene oxide elicits microbiome-dependent type 2 immune responses via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Although the toxicity of graphene‐based nanomaterials on human health has been extensively studied, their impact on the microbiome remains poorly understood. Using zebrafish as a model, we show that graphene oxide modulates the immune system in a microbiome‐dependent manner through a mechanism mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The study suggests an interplay among graphene‐based nanomaterials, microbiome and innate immune system.
- Guotao Peng
- , Hanna M. Sinkko
- & Bengt Fadeel
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Research Briefing |
Targeting and reducing abdominal fat using polycations
Treatment with polycations was shown to selectively target abdominal fat in mice owing to the negatively charged extracellular matrix in adipose tissue. The polycations can inhibit the storage of lipids in fat cells, causing them to shrink and leading to improved metabolic health in obese mice.
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Article |
Selective targeting of visceral adiposity by polycation nanomedicine
Accumulation of visceral fat, linked to adipocyte expansion and overgrowth, is the most detrimental aspect of obesity, and a major cause of obesity comorbidities. We develop a cationic nanomedicine based on polyamidoamine dendrimers that specifically targets visceral fat and shrinks adipocytes, inhibiting diet-induced obesity and improving metabolic health in murine models.
- Qianfen Wan
- , Baoding Huang
- & Li Qiang
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Article |
Targeting Xkr8 via nanoparticle-mediated in situ co-delivery of siRNA and chemotherapy drugs for cancer immunochemotherapy
Downregulation of specific proteins named scramblases might enhance tumour immunosuppression. In this paper the authors first show that the scramblase Xrk8 is overexpressed in tumour cells upon treatment with chemotherapeutics, and then develop a nanomedicine platform for co-delivery of a cancer prodrug and an siRNA directed against the Xrk8 gene, showing therapeutic effect and enhanced immune response in animal tumour models.
- Yuang Chen
- , Yixian Huang
- & Song Li
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News & Views |
Improving treatment of solid cancers by nanoconjugate-mediated immune conversion of tumour cells
A strategy that uses nanoconjugates to label solid cancer cells with the hematopoietic cell-specific molecule SLAMF7, broadens the scope of cancer types susceptible to immune-based anti-cancer therapies and could provide a new approach to treat solid cancers.
- Zhenghai Tang
- & André Veillette
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Article |
Immunological conversion of solid tumours using a bispecific nanobioconjugate for cancer immunotherapy
Solid tumours are less responsive to immunotherapies than haematological tumours due to specific biological differences. In this paper the authors propose a strategy to decorate the cell membrane of solid tumours with a protein typically present on haematological tumour cells that promotes phagocytosis of cancer cells, and show that this results in an increased immunotherapy efficacy in animal models of solid tumours.
- Yifei Lu
- , Kristin Huntoon
- & Wen Jiang
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Article |
Zinc cyclic di-AMP nanoparticles target and suppress tumours via endothelial STING activation and tumour-associated macrophage reinvigoration
Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) can induce immunity in various cancer therapies, but delivery of STING agonists to tumours is challenging. Now a metal-based polymeric nanoparticle delivers STING agonists to tumours upon disruption of endothelial cells in tumour vasculature and targets tumour-associated macrophages, eliciting anti-tumour immune response in hard-to-treat cancer models.
- Kaiting Yang
- , Wenbo Han
- & Ralph R. Weichselbaum
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News & Views |
Inheritable nanotubes boost bioimaging and photovoltaics in cyanobacteria
An easily penetrable single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) facilitates the use of nanobionics in living cyanobacterial cells through generations, advancing their fluorescent bioimaging and energy-based photovoltaic applications.
- Amit Srivastava
- & Khaled A. Selim
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Review Article |
Nanopore-based technologies beyond DNA sequencing
This Review discusses the latest advances in nanopore technologies beyond DNA sequencing.
- Yi-Lun Ying
- , Zheng-Li Hu
- & Yi-Tao Long
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Article |
Carbon nanotube uptake in cyanobacteria for near-infrared imaging and enhanced bioelectricity generation in living photovoltaics
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique optoelectronic properties that make them suitable for applications ranging from phototherapy to imaging and sensing, but their uptake has mainly been explored in eukaryotic cells. Here the authors explore the interaction of SWCNTs with cyanobacteria, showing that they are spontaneously taken up by cells only when coated with positive charges, opening the possibility of prokaryotic-based biotechnology applications.
- Alessandra Antonucci
- , Melania Reggente
- & Ardemis A. Boghossian
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Article |
Remotely controlled near-infrared-triggered photothermal treatment of brain tumours in freely behaving mice using gold nanostars
Current treatment of brain tumour entails open-skull tumour resection and follow-up X-ray radiation or chemotherapy, with surgery-associated risks and side-effects. Here a photothermal approach is presented that relies on wireless near-infrared stimulation for continuous, on-demand treatment of brain tumours in free-moving animals.
- Hamed Arami
- , Siavash Kananian
- & Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
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Perspective |
Nanotechnology-based strategies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
This Perspective highlights the role that nanotechnology might play in tackling the rise of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- Xiangang Huang
- , Edo Kon
- & Wei Tao
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Article |
Nanozyme-catalysed CRISPR assay for preamplification-free detection of non-coding RNAs
The combination of catalytic platinum particles, nanozymes and a CRISPR-based reaction allows for the quantification of non-coding RNAs at the picomolar range. This assay, CrisprZyme, has a colorimetric readout and works at room temperature without preamplification.
- Marta Broto
- , Michael M. Kaminski
- & Molly M. Stevens
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Article |
Nanomedicine platform for targeting activated neutrophils and neutrophil–platelet complexes using an α1-antitrypsin-derived peptide motif
While neutrophils are the first line of defence against infections and inflammation, their unrestricted recruitment and constant activation might result in prolonged inflammation and sharpening of specific pathological conditions. Here the authors develop a strategy to specifically target activated, pro-inflammatory neutrophils and neutrophil–platelet complexes to deliver therapeutics in the context of a murine model of venous thrombosis.
- Michelle A. Cruz
- , Dillon Bohinc
- & Evi X. Stavrou
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Article |
Identification of nucleoside monophosphates and their epigenetic modifications using an engineered nanopore
A phenylboronic acid-modified hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A nanopore can directly distinguish 11 types of nucleoside monophosphates with a 0.996 accuracy.
- Yuqin Wang
- , Shanyu Zhang
- & Shuo Huang
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Article |
Nanoparticle single-cell multiomic readouts reveal that cell heterogeneity influences lipid nanoparticle-mediated messenger RNA delivery
Cell heterogeneity might impact the delivery of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and efficacy of messenger RNA-based therapies in vivo. Here, the authors propose an approach to measure how various LNPs deliver DNA barcodes and mRNA to cells using single-cell RNA sequencing, providing a correlation between LNP uptake and the expression of specific genes that characterize cellular subtypes.
- Curtis Dobrowolski
- , Kalina Paunovska
- & James E. Dahlman
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Comment |
The start-ups taking nanoneedles into the clinic
Nanoneedle start-ups are traversing the biotech valley of death — from fundamental university research into commercial development in advanced therapeutics and diagnostics. How can academics make the most of this opportunity?
- Roey Elnathan
- , Andy Tay
- & Ciro Chiappini
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Article |
Continuous cuffless monitoring of arterial blood pressure via graphene bioimpedance tattoos
Self-adhesive bioimpedance graphene electronic tattoos enable accurate continuous blood pressure monitoring.
- Dmitry Kireev
- , Kaan Sel
- & Deji Akinwande
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Perspective |
Characterization of nanoparticles-based vaccines for COVID-19
This Perspective suggests a characterization cascade for nanoparticle-based vaccines that takes into consideration the complexity of the materials and of their immunomodulatory responses, providing a roadmap for the preclinical validation of potential vaccine candidates.
- Giuditta Guerrini
- , Davide Magrì
- & Luigi Calzolai
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Article |
NAD(H)-loaded nanoparticles for efficient sepsis therapy via modulating immune and vascular homeostasis
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an immune modulator that was suggested as a potential treatment for sepsis, but its in vivo benefits are contradictory and its low bioavailability as a free drug hampers potential clinical translation. Here the authors show that using a lipid-coated nanoparticle to deliver NAD+ to the cell cytosol can effectively replenish the intracellular content of NAD+ and reduce the extent of the inflammatory response in mouse models of sepsis.
- Mingzhou Ye
- , Yi Zhao
- & Shaoqin Gong
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Article |
Cancer immunotherapy based on image-guided STING activation by nucleotide nanocomplex-decorated ultrasound microbubbles
Activation of the STING pathway in antigen-presenting cells has been proposed as a strategy to stimulate the adaptive immune response against tumours, but its clinical application is hampered by the instability, low specificity and low cytosolic entry of natural STING agonists. Here the authors present a platform for targeted ultrasound-mediated cytosolic delivery of STING agonists that shows efficacy in different animal tumour models and improves the response to checkpoint blockade therapies.
- Xuefeng Li
- , Sina Khorsandi
- & Jacques Lux
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Article |
A wavelength-induced frequency filtering method for fluorescent nanosensors in vivo
An optical technique is developed that extends the capabilities of fluorescent nanosensors into previously inaccessible ultradeep in vivo locations, including the brain, without the use of fibre optic or cranial window insertion.
- Volodymyr B. Koman
- , Naveed A. Bakh
- & Michael S. Strano
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News & Views |
Non-invasive confocal microscopy of the immune system
Core–shell quantum dots emitting at a wavelength greater than 1,700 nm enable deep-tissue imaging of immune cells and immune structures.
- Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
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