Review Article |
Featured
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News & Views |
Interval breast cancers — insights into a complex phenotype
Interval invasive breast cancers diagnosed after a normal mammogram but before the next screening examination have a different tumour biology from that of screen-detected breast cancers, and thus are not detected on mammography. Understanding the genetics and biology of interval invasive cancers could inform better approaches to detection.
- Yiwey Shieh
- , Elad Ziv
- & Karla Kerlikowske
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Perspective |
Clinical potential of mass spectrometry-based proteogenomics
Precision medicine approaches to the treatment of cancer are largely reliant on genomic analysis alone. In this Perspective the authors provide a rationale for the incorporation of analysis of the proteome, which is a rich source of biological heterogeneity, into the treatment and management of patients with cancer.
- Bing Zhang
- , Jeffrey R. Whiteaker
- & Amanda G. Paulovich
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Review Article |
Clinical potential of circulating tumour DNA in patients receiving anticancer immunotherapy
The majority of patients receiving immunotherapy do not respond to treatment but might still have adverse events. Furthermore, some patients with an initial response will develop acquired resistance to treatment. In this Review, the authors describe the role of circulating tumour DNA in the management of patients receiving immunotherapy.
- Luc Cabel
- , Charlotte Proudhon
- & François-Clément Bidard
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News & Views |
Infant medulloblastoma — learning new lessons from old strata
Comprehensive molecular characterization of infant medulloblastoma has uncovered the high degree of heterogeneity of this disease. Recent results from the SJYC07 study elegantly reveal that risk stratification can be improved if DNA methylation profiling data are incorporated into clinicopathological criteria. Importantly, the delineation of disease subgroups potentially has major clinical implications.
- Marc Remke
- & Vijay Ramaswamy
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News & Views |
Does histotype-tailored neoadjuvant therapy improve outcomes?
Patients with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma can benefit from systemic therapy, but the best drug combinations for the different disease subtypes remain to be established. Recently, great emphasis has been placed on histology-based chemotherapy regimens. Herein, we discuss the results of a recently published study demonstrating that some of these regimens are not superior to standard-of-care chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting.
- Robin L. Jones
- & Khin Thway
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Review Article |
Beyond the margins: real-time detection of cancer using targeted fluorophores
Intraoperative fluorescence enables highly specific real-time detection of tumours at the time of surgery. In particular, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is a promising tool currently being tested in clinical settings. Zhang et al. discuss the latest developments in NIR fluorophores, cancer-targeting strategies, and detection instrumentation for intraoperative cancer detection, as well as the challenges associated with their effective application in clinical settings.
- Ray R. Zhang
- , Alexandra B. Schroeder
- & Jamey P. Weichert
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Opinion |
Activating autophagy to potentiate immunogenic chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Autophagy is fundamental to cellular homeostasis and also has a central role in the development and progression of cancer. However, autophagy is also required for optimal immune system function, including the development of an anticancer immune response. In this Perspective, the authors present the available preclinical and clinical evidence that autophagy might enhance the effectiveness of both immunogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as opposed to the general view of inhibition of autophagy as an antitumour strategy.
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- , José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- & Guido Kroemer
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News & Views |
Using ctDNA to track EGFR and KRAS mutations in advanced-stage disease
Analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in blood samples provides a surrogate form of tumour biopsy (liquid biopsy) for determining EGFR and KRAS mutation status in patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. This approach obviates the need for a repeat biopsy, especially for the EGFR T790M mutation, which confers resistance to EGFR inhibition.
- Rafael Rosell
- & Niki Karachaliou
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Review Article |
Translational and clinical implications of the genetic landscape of prostate cancer
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has substantially improved our understanding of prostate cancer genetics; however, this knowledge is currently not fully reflected in the form of targeted treatment strategies. In this Review, the authors summarize our current understanding of the genetic landscape of prostate cancer and the challenges to treatment posed by the presence of considerable intratumour and intertumour heterogeneity.
- Daniel E. Spratt
- , Zachary S. Zumsteg
- & Scott A. Tomlins
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News & Views |
Preclinical oncology — reporting transparency needed
Henderson and colleagues previously highlighted the need for more-rigorous standards of preclinical experimental design and reporting metrics. They now build on their earlier work with a meta-analysis of preclinical experiments that examined the efficacy of sunitinib. Their results demonstrate how suboptimal preclinical study designs can prompt unwarranted clinical expectations.
- Eric E. Gardner
- & Charles M. Rudin
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Review Article |
Advances in the care of patients with mucinous colorectal cancer
Mucinous colorectal cancer has, in the past, been associated with inferior responses to treatment, and worse patient outcomes compared with other colorectal cancer subtypes; although, this situation has improved in the past 10–15 years. In this Review, the authors describe the key developments that have enabled these improvements, in addition to the potential for further improvements in the care of patients with mucinous colorectal cancer.
- Niek Hugen
- , Gina Brown
- & Iris D. Nagtegaal
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Review Article |
Biopsies: next-generation biospecimens for tailoring therapy
Insights into tumour biology require biospecimens from the primary tumour and those that reflect the patient's disease in specific contexts. Tumour samples must be representative, viable, and adequate both in quantity and quality for subsequent molecular applications. This Review article outlines the existing procedures for sample procurement and processing of next-generation biospecimens, and highlights the issues involved in this endeavour.
- Mark Basik
- , Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha
- & Gerald Batist
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Research Highlight |
Novel mouse model reveals strategy to delay drug resistance in melanoma
- Lisa Hutchinson
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Research Highlight |
Reducing re-operation rates with ultrasound-guided surgery
- M. Teresa Villanueva
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Perspectives |
The clinical evaluation of novel imaging methods for cancer management
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has invested a great deal of resources into examining imaging modalities and agents to improve image-guided interventions and disease monitoring in cancer. In this Perspectives article, the author describes the efforts of the NCI has made to facilitate clinical trials in imaging.
- Lalitha K. Shankar
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News & Views |
Cervical cancer—should we abandon cytology for screening?
Convincing data have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA testing predicts the development of high-grade cervical cancer better than cytology. However, for HPV-positive women, triage with cytology testing should be performed before colposcopy. The question on how to proceed if the cytology test in HPV-positive women is negative remains unclear.
- Chris J. L. M. Meijer
- & Johannes Berkhof
Fundamentals and developments in fluorescence-guided cancer surgery
Optimizing access to matched therapies
What’s new under the Sun for ICIs?
Redefining KRAS activation
PBRM1 loss promotes tumour response to immunotherapy
Mass spectrometry indicates malignant potential
Shining light on immune-based mechanisms
CRISPR unveils T-cell-resistance mechanisms in tumours
Promising epigenetic targets in leukaemia identified
Papillary features predict survival in ncRCC
CpG island methylation indicates inferior survival outcomes
Clonal neoantigens and immune response: a balancing act
Response in follicular lymphoma can be assessed using PETBrowse broader subjects
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