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The relationship between trial registration and publication is not straightforward. Although registries and editorial requirements receive some attention from researchers, study protocol changes, omissions and suppressions are the rule. Such practices deny patients and their health-care providers access to unbiased clinical information on which to base decisions.
Intravesical instillation with live, attenuated Mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an effective therapy for bladder cancer. Two recent analyses provide new insight into the clinical efficacy of BCG versus chemotherapy with mitomycin C in intermediate-risk and high-risk bladder cancer.
The capacity of traditional noninvasive diagnostic procedures such as microhematuria testing and urine cytology to be used as stand-alone screening techniques for urothelial carcinoma is limited. New qualitative and quantitative molecular screening modalities can detect alterations that are often exclusively associated with this disease. Mitra and Cote propose incoporating both traditional approaches and molecular tests into a risk-based screening strategy.
Several naturally occurring substances have been implicated in the prevention of prostate cancer, but the lack of randomized controlled trials means causal effect has not yet been demonstrated. Here, the authors summarize existing data on a number of promising compounds and discuss the future direction of clinical trials in this field.
Multimodal treatment utilizing combined androgen suppression and radiotherapy has improved survival rates for patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Rosenthal and Sandler provide a timely summary of the clinical trials that have been carried out in this area, as well as discussing recent advances in dose-escalated radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Ureteroscopy is the first-line treatment for urinary stone disease at many institutions. Techniques and indications continue to evolve. This Review covers the most current trends, controversies, and issues in ureteroscopic stone management. It summarizes the most recent evidence regarding ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral and renal stones, current standard indications, adjunct devices and instruments used during ureteroscopy, and future directions.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a multifactorial disorder, which is strongly associated with circulating testosterone levels. In this Review, Corona and Maggi draw on their considerable clinical experience to outline the relationship between testosterone and male sexual dysfunction, and to discuss the role of testosterone replacement therapy in the treatment of ED.
