Opinion

The ShangRing is a novel device which has the potential to be used for safe and effective circumcision in areas where good surgical facilities and surgically trained personnel are scarce; and where HIV is widespread. In this Perspectives, the authors discuss the available data on the ShangRing and consider the possibilities for its future use in resource-poor areas.

Each of the kidney cancer genes identified so far interact with cell metabolism pathways involved in energy, nutrient, iron or oxygen sensing. Here, Linehan and colleagues argue that targeting the fundamental cell metabolic abnormalities provides a unique opportunity to develop novel forms of therapy for this disease.

Ancient practitioners were cognizant of the insight that would be gained by examining the interior of a patient's body. It was not until 1806, however, that Bozzini's candle-illuminated 'Lichtleiter' made this aim feasible. Here, Natalin and Landman trace the origins and development of endoscopic technology, from Bozzini's 'Lichtleiter' through Stern's 'resectoscope' to modern devices for virtual and capsule endoscopy.

Patients undergoing screening procedures often suffer considerable anxiety, which not only affects their quality of life but also how they approach the screening process. Here, the authors discuss the psychological effects associated with PSA testing, and highlight the importance of both patient and physician education to improve patient–doctor communication.

Alternative splicing has been proposed as a key contributor to the genetic diversity observed in prostate tumors. Here, the authors focus on the clinically relevant consequences of alternative splicing in prostate cancer, and describe how cancer-specific splicing events may be exploited as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for individualized care of patients.

The causes of blood in the ejaculate are usually benign, and the condition self-limiting. Nevertheless, many patients are worried by such a dramatic symptom. This concern, together with the small risk of malignancy, drives clinical investigation. UK-based authors have reviewed the literature in an effort to provide a clear and concise strategy for the evaluation of men with hematospermia.

Many patients with urologic disorders, particularly cancer, use complementary therapies as adjuncts to mainstream treatment. Accumulating evidence highlights the beneficial impact of supportive measures, such as acupuncture, yoga, meditation and physical activity, on the symptoms of patients with urologic disorders. These data, as well as studies of herbs and other dietary supplements, are discussed here.