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The coordinated control of endothelial cell behaviour is critical for blood vessel morphogenesis. Recent data reveal elaborate mechanisms that fine-tune key signalling pathways (such as the vascular endothelial growth factor and Notch pathways) to control endothelial cell behaviour during blood vessel sprouting (angiogenesis).
Keratinocytes of the epidermis undergo several transformations as they differentiate and migrate outwards in the tissue to maintain epidermal homeostasis. Dynamic changes in adhesive junctions and the cytoskeleton of keratinocytes are a driving force in this morphogenesis.
During mammary gland development, signalling networks between epithelial cells and several cell types in the stroma are orchestrated together with mechanical cues and collective cell migration events to drive morphogenesis.
Four models have been proposed to explain growth control mediated by the morphogen Decapentaplegic in the fly imaginal disc. Recent findings have allowed a more careful evaluation of these models and may offer insights into morphogenetic growth control in other systems.
Ubiquitylation regulates essentially all of the intracellular processes in eukaryotes by modifying numerous cellular proteins in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Many components of the ubiquitin–proteasome system are themselves modified by ubiquitylation; this regulates their activity or targets them for degradation.