Volume 14 Issue 8, August 2018

Hypoglycaemia-induced morbidity and mortality has emerged as one of the major unintended consequences of efforts to achieve optimal glucose control in individuals with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. A study by Jackson and colleagues offers novel insights into therapies to mitigate the adverse consequences hypoglycaemic events have on the central nervous system.

A recent metabolomics study of plasma samples from normoglycaemic individuals has identified new predictive biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The biomarkers described by the authors demonstrate a potential causal connection between changes in glycine and phenylalanine and incident diabetes mellitus.

Metabolic disease risk is thought to arise at the interface of genetics and the environment. A new study identifies an enzyme that modifies small non-coding RNA and is required for passing on the effects of high-fat diet from father to offspring.

Given the steady increase in the use of oral antidiabetic medication, better knowledge of their effects on neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus is essential. Recently, Marie-Victoire Sénat and colleagues investigated the use of glyburide over standard insulin treatment in a noninferiority multicentre randomized trial, which found higher risk of perinatal complications under glyburide therapy.

Distinct circulating amino acids are suggested to modulate the risk of complications and mortality related to diabetes mellitus. These findings pave the way for future basic and clinical studies to gain new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

The liver X receptor (LXR) pathway is important for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. In this Review, the authors discuss the role of LXRs in cholesterol and lipid metabolism and the emerging strategies to target the LXR pathway to treat metabolic diseases.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing. Novel treatment modalities, particularly from the field of diabetes technologies, have eased the burden of the disease. Here, the authors review established and novel diabetes technologies used in the management of patients with T1DM.

This Consensus Statement gives recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and related disorders. A coordinated and multidisciplinary approach from infancy through adulthood is recommended to improve the care of these patients.