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Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus that results in loss of sensory function beginning in the extremities. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy and discusses the quality-of-life issues faced by patients.
In the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, it is essential that reperfusion therapy (which aims to restore blood flow in the occluded coronary artery) is performed as soon as possible, to limit tissue ischaemia and infarct size.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome in which transmural ischaemia (mostly caused by the formation of a thrombus on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque) leads to cardiomyocyte death. STEMI is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
This PrimeView highlights the signs of male hypogonadism through the lifespan and describes the key underlying causes of the condition in boys and men.
Male hypogonadism is a disorder associated with low testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis. The condition can arise from inherent defects in the testes or abnormalities in the regulation of testosterone secretion at the hypothalamic or pituitary level. This Primer summarizes the conditions that can lead to hypogonadism in boys and men.
Barrett oesophagus (BE) is a precursor lesion to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This PrimeView discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of BE.
Barrett oesophagus (BE) is a precursor lesion to oesophageal adenocarcinoma and involves intestinal metaplasia (replacement of squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium) in response to gastro-oesophageal reflux. This Primer summarizes the latest research about BE, including improvements in treatment and disease management.
Various causes can underlie dilated cardiomyopathy, including genetic mutations, infections and inflammation, but the common end result is dilation of the ventricles, which leads to impaired contractility and heart failure.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular enlargement and impaired contractility without an underlying ischaemic origin. DCM has heterogeneous aetiologies (including gene mutations, infections and inflammation) and clinical presentations and can eventually result in heart failure.
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that is caused by autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis and discusses the quality-of-life issues faced by patients.
Oesophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital abnormality of the oesophagus that is caused by incomplete embryonic compartmentalization of the foregut. This Primer summarizes the latest research in the field of EA, including recommendations on the management and long-term follow-up of patients born with EA.
This illustrated PrimeView discusses the epidemiology of spinocerebellar ataxias, the complex mechanisms underlying them and how they are diagnosed and managed in the clinic.
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominant progressive disorders characterized by loss of balance and coordination and slurred speech. This Primer discusses the epidemiology of SCAs, the complex mechanisms underlying them and how they are diagnosed and managed in the clinic.
This PrimeView accompanies the Primer by Rockson and colleagues and highlights the available therapies for lymphoedema, which is a frequent complication of cancer treatment that can severely affect quality of life.
As a result of surgery or radiotherapy as treatment for cancer, functional components of the lymphatic system are partially removed or damaged, resulting in lymphoedema (accumulation of extracellular fluid in tissues). This Primer discusses this important adverse effect of cancer treatment that has substantial effects on the quality of life of patients.
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that is usually caused by a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. This PrimeView highlights the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of acromegaly.
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that is usually caused by a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour. This Primer by Colao and colleagues reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of acromegaly and discusses the quality of life of patients and future outlooks.
