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Type 1 diabetes

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume 9, pages 187–188 (2010)Cite this article

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The aetiology of T1D is largely unknown, but it is thought that a genetic predisposition, environmental factors and distinctive metabolic changes are involved in the initiation, development and progression of the disease. Insulin deficiency in T1D leads to increased gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, elevated metabolism of free fatty acids, and the generation of ketone bodies, resulting in diabetic ketoacidosis. The primary clinical signs of T1D are ketoacidosis — which can lead to coma and death — and chronic hyperglycaemia. Chronic hyperglycaemia is the primary cause of several macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetic retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy.

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Figure 1: Diagnosed and drug-treated cases of type 1 diabetes (all age groups) in the major pharmaceutical markets by 2017.
Figure 2: Market for type 1 diabetes (T1D): 2007–2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Paul Burn is the Todd & Linda Broin Chair of the The Sanford Project at Sanford Health, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, 900 West Delaware Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104, USA. burnp@sanfordhealth.org,

    Paul Burn

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  1. Paul Burn
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Burn, P. Type 1 diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 9, 187–188 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3097

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