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Completion of the mouse genome sequence and improved technologies for cloning and sequencing of retroviral insertions have allowed researchers to address new questions about the genes and signalling networks involved in tumour development.
p21 has a well-known role in mediating p53-induced growth arrest. However, this protein can affect many other cellular functions and is activated independently of p53. What are the p53-independent roles of p21 in cancer, and could p21 be a therapeutic target?
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease, making it difficult to provide standard regimens that are effective for all patients. Can increases in long-term survival be achieved by translating recent insights at the molecular and cellular levels into individual strategies for treatment and optimal early detection?
Extracts of tea, especially green tea, and tea polyphenols have been shown to inhibit the formation and development of tumours at different organ sites in animal models. How well are these data holding up in humans and what are the biological mechanisms of action?
Recent publications have indicated that the proto-oncogene MYC is closely involved in DNA replication and S phase checkpoint processes, and have suggested that limiting replication stress is a key function of this protein. How do these findings affect our understanding of how MYC transforms cells?
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme that is expressed in tumours and enables them to escape immunologically mediated rejection. However, we are far from understanding the biological relevance of IDO expression during tumorigenesis. We need a better understanding of IDO biology to provide a rationale for the use of IDO inhibitors in the clinic.
