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Gene fusions are generally thought to be causally associated with sarcomas and haematological cancers, but recent evidence has shown that they occur in all malignancies, and account for 20% of human cancer morbidity. This Review discusses the implications of this for cancer research.
Aggressive tumour cells share many characteristics with embryonic stem cells, contributing to the conundrum of tumour cell plasticity. This review discusses the evidence for the convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signalling pathways, highlighting the most prominent targets that could be therapeutically beneficial.
Recent evidence indicates that both endogenous and environmental factors induce prostate inflammatory lesions that are proposed to increase the risk of cancer development. This Review explores different approaches aimed at clarifying whether inflammation drives prostate cancer and could be used to develop new prevention strategies.
HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL). The HTLV-1 Tax protein, which affects multiple cellular pathways, is required to transform cells. What are the molecular mechanisms of leukaemogenesis by Tax and other HTLV-1 genes?
Since the discovery of protein kinase C (PKC) in the 1980s, we still have only a partial understanding of how this family of serine/threonine kinases is involved in tumour promotion. What do we still need to learn and what about the other proteins known to respond downstream of the PKC activator diacylglycerol?
Ras genes are the most common targets for somatic gain-of-function mutations in human cancer. Germline mutations that affect components of the Ras signalling pathway were shown to cause several developmental disorders. What are the implications of germline mutations in the Ras pathway for our understanding of normal developmental processes and cancer pathogenesis?
How can we ensure that biomarkers for breast cancer are developed effectively and efficiently to aid the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients at risk from this disease?