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PARK2, which causes autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease, is shown to be a haploinsufficient suppressor of colorectal cancer, and the loss of this gene synergises with the loss ofAPC.
A new study identifies several pathways by which a compound derived from a Chinese medicine reduces gastrointestinal toxicity that is induced by chemotherapy.
Infection withSalmonella typhimuriumcan promote tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells. This effect is mediated by upregulation of connexin Cx43 expression, which induces the formation of gap junctions between tumour cells and dendritic cells, through which tumour-specific antigens can be transferred.
Polycomb and trithorax group proteins have opposing effects on chromatin, and either repress or activate gene expression, respectively. Therefore, the dynamic interplay between these protein families has complex effects on epigenetic regulation and consequently tumour biology.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by near-universal mutations in KRAS and frequent deregulation of the Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt–β-catenin pathways. This Review examines the central part that KRAS plays in the biology of PDAC, and how the timing and location of Hh and Wnt–β-catenin signalling dictate the specification and oncogenic properties of PDAC.
Transposon-based insertional mutagenesis (TIM) provides an alternative method for cancer gene discovery. This Review discusses how the mobilization of the transposon Tc1/mariner, Sleeping Beauty (SB), in mouse cells at frequencies high enough to induce cancer has facilitated the identification of the genes and signalling pathways that drive tumour formation.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in HIV-infected untreated individuals. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious cause of KS. This Review discusses the insights into the remarkable mechanisms through which KSHV can induce KS that have been gained in the past 15 years.
This article discusses the possible function of the super elongation complex (SEC) and the DOT1 H3K79 methyltransferase complex (DotCom) in leukaemia that is induced by translocation of mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL).
This article examines the ancient history of cancer. The striking absence of malignancies in ancient physical remains might indicate the rarity of cancer in antiquity, which poses questions about the role of carcinogenic environmental factors in modern societies.