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Combining genome-scale metabolic models of human-associated bacteria with the relative abundance of different bacteria in a community, as measured by metagenomics, allows distinct metabolomes to be inferred that are consistent with experimental data.
Using a combination of remote-sensing technologies, lipidomics and gene-based biomarkers, the authors demonstrate a coupling between viral infection of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom and the export of organic and inorganic carbon from the photic zone.
Identification of functional dsyB gene homologues for dimethylsulfoniopropionate production in eukaryotic phytoplankton allows estimation of the relative contributions of eukaryotes and prokaryotes to the global pool, and indicates that this enzyme originated in bacteria.
The activity of effectors transported by the type VI secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa varies under different environmental conditions and some effectors act synergistically, which elucidates why some bacteria carry multiple toxins with distinct activities.
To exit from infected red blood cells, malaria parasites rely on the sequential action of different proteases, such as SUB1 and SERA6, in a process that culminates with the disassembly of the host cell’s cytoskeleton and rupture of the cell membrane.
Analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis clusters from diverse soil samples identifies a distinct class of calcium-dependent antibiotics—the malacidins—that bind lipid II and are active against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
Nuclease-mediated genome editing in bacteria has been limited by toxicity problems linked to DNA cleavage. The use of cytidine deaminase fused to a nuclease-deficient Cas9 bypasses some of these problems, enabling modification of multiple loci simultaneously.
Two known anti-Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies are shown to bind quaternary epitopes spanning three envelope proteins, block viral attachment and prevent fusion. One low dose in mice is protective, underscoring their therapeutic potential.
The role of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase during Zika virus infection has been the subject of debate. Here, it is shown to inhibit type I interferon responses elicited by astrocyte infection in a STAT-dependent manner, enabling virus replication.
To infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense relies on its SRA protein to subvert host trypanolytic factors, TLF1 and TLF2. This study reveals the structure of SRA and explores how it interacts with TLFs, elucidating how the parasite avoids host immunity.
Here the authors show that a bacterial iron-only nitrogenase can generate CH4 in a single step, which can consequently be used for growth by a CH4-utilizing Methylomonas strain.
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is found to be an important determinant of EBV entry and fusion in epithelial cells. EphA2 depletion or absence, or the use of anti-EphA2 antibodies, inhibits oropharyngeal epithelial cell infection.
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is identified as an EBV entry and fusion receptor in epithelial cells. EphA2 depletion or absence, or the use of anti-EphA2 antibodies, precludes infection of epithelial cell lines and oropharyngeal carcinoma cells.