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A thymus section in the style of Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890). Fowlkes and colleagues show that by increasing the number of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes that cannot be selected in a given microenvironment, lineage commitment can be redirected. Confocal micrograph by Matilde Canelles; art by Lewis Long.
Despite advances in understanding HIV pathogenesis, the economic, social and legal constraints in India continue to make women particularly vulnerable to HIV infection.
Characterization of the interaction between purified Spätzle and Toll shows that cleaved Spätzle dimers directly bind Toll and trigger intracellular signaling.
Rap1 mediates 'inside-out' signaling from the T cell receptor to LFA-1. The discovery of RAPL, a Rap1-binding molecule, helps explain how Rap1 induces T cell adhesion.
Commitment by thymocytes to a CD4 or a CD8 lineage depends on T cell receptor–mediated intracellular signaling cues. But new data indicate that T cell lineage fate may also be influenced by the frequency of nonselected cells in the thymic microenvironment during development.
Nef-expressing macrophages induce activation of resting T lymphocytes, permitting productive HIV-1 infection. A recent report in Nature defines just how Nef manipulates macrophage signaling to enhance T cell infectivity.