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Here the authors show that lithium carbonate can revitalize tumor-reactive CD8+T cells by shunting cytosolic lactic acid into the mitochondria for oxidation, indicating that lithium ions might be applied as a cancer immunotherapy.
Xue and colleagues show that the transcription cofactor Tle3 cooperates with Runx3, Tcf1 and Tbet to limit a central memory and promote an effector memory cell signature in CD8+ T cells.
Divangahi and colleagues identify a mechanism of heterologous immunity by BCG involving cross-talk between conventional memory T cells and innate memory cells against influenza A virus infection’.
Roan et al. use Olink and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to show a dysregulated crosstalk between the cellular and humoral immune responses in individuals with long COVID 8 months postinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Callahan et al. show that GC and extra-GC sites spawn distinct MBC subsets. MBC precursors have open chromatin regions (OCRs) that will remain open in MBC progeny, with extra-GC and GC-derived MBCs having distinct OCRs and functions.
Here the authors show that immune cell exclusion and immunosuppression in the melanoma microenviromment are driven by nerve growth factor interactions with tropomyosin receptor kinase A on melanoma cells and that a tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor can sensitize these tumors to immune checkpoint blockade.
Chevrier and colleagues uncovered a hierarchical cytokine circuit arising from the pairwise effects of TNF with IL-18, IFN-γ or IL-1β, which explains the organism-wide response of the host to bacterial sepsis.
Ravichandran et al. performed a systems immunology study to profile the responses to pneumococcal vaccines in older adults. They identified distinct baseline features that could capture responses to Prevnar and Pneumovax and sex-biased differences in Prevnar responses.
Gao and colleagues report a structure-guided chimeric antigen based on the A35 and M1 antigens of the mpox virus (MPXV) that induces strong MPXV-specific antibody responses and protection against lethal doses of vaccinia virus in mice.
Ikaros, Helios and Aiolos are transcription factors involved in lymphocyte development. Here the authors dissect the regulatory role of these Ikaros family members to understand their contribution to NK cell development and functions.
Carnosine is a mobile buffering metabolite. Here the authors link carnosine accumulation, hypoxia and intracellular pH homeostasis in cancer cells as a mechanism of tumor immune evasion via NFX1 degradation and galectin-9 activity.
Sagar and colleagues provide a comprehensive single-cell multimodal landscape of γδ T cells in various mouse tissues, unveiling site-specific adaptations and highlighting key tissue residency features of γδ T cells.
Anrather and colleagues provide a longitudinal single-cell transcriptomic atlas of brain and mouse blood following stroke, describing brain-infiltrating leukocytes, circulating leukocytes, microglia and endothelium diversity over the ischemic–reperfusion time
Terminally differentiated plasma cells reside in multiple tissues to contribute to local immunity. Nutt and colleagues examined tissue-specific differences in long-lived plasma cell lifespan and function, identifying unique transcriptional attributes in addition to the core plasma cell program.
Lenardo and colleagues identify a new human genetic disease, GISELL, whereby ceramide lipid homeostasis is disrupted, thereby altering T cell longevity. Deficiency of GTPase of the immunity-associated protein 5 (GIMAP5) in patients leads to cellular senescence, immunodeficiency and early mortality.
Löhning and colleagues identify an alternative promoter for the Il1rl1 gene that drives IL-33 receptor expression in cytotoxic T cells and T-helper 1 cells
TCF1+ ‘stem-like’ CD4+ T cells have a capacity for self-renewal and effector differentiation when required. Here the authors show how these stem-like T cells mediate allograft rejection via the replenishment of their effector differentiation.