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Nature Immunology 4, 1223–1229 (1 December 2003) | doi:10.1038/ni1010

Upregulation of costimulatory molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide and double-stranded RNA occurs by Trif-dependent and Trif-independent pathways

Kasper Hoebe , Edith M Janssen , Sung O Kim , Lena Alexopoulou , Richard A Flavell , Jiahuai Han & Bruce Beutler