Table of contents
January 2009, Volume 10 No 1 pp1-125
About the coverEditorial
New challenges for a new leader - p1
doi:10.1038/ni0109-1
Will the ongoing financial crisis prevent Barack Obama from increasing funding for the biomedical sciences?
Full Text - New challenges for a new leader | PDF (190 KB) - New challenges for a new leader
Essay
Signaling to gene expression: calcium, calcineurin and NFAT - pp3 - 5
Anjana Rao
doi:10.1038/ni0109-3
Anjana Rao recounts the contributions of two talented and productive postdoctoral fellows who purified and characterized the transcription factor NFAT.
Full Text - Signaling to gene expression: calcium, calcineurin and NFAT | PDF (218 KB) - Signaling to gene expression: calcium, calcineurin and NFAT
Meeting Report
'Toll2008' outgrows its name - pp7 - 10
Cherilyn M Sirois, Veit Hornung & Eicke Latz
doi:10.1038/ni0109-7
On 24–27 September 2008, members of the scientific community gathered to discuss advances in innate immunity at the 'Toll meeting' in Cascais, Portugal. Before long, attendees noticed that 'Toll2008' might be a misnomer.
Full Text - 'Toll2008' outgrows its name | PDF (430 KB) - 'Toll2008' outgrows its name
News and Views
Spotlight on IL-22-producing NK cell receptor–expressing mucosal lymphocytes - pp11 - 12
Karl-Johan Malmberg & Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
doi:10.1038/ni0109-11
New findings show that a subpopulation of mucosal ROR
t+ cells expresses natural killer cell receptors and produces interleukin 22. These innate immune cells may be pivotal in maintaining mucosal homeostasis.
Full Text - Spotlight on IL-22-producing NK cell receptor–expressing mucosal lymphocytes | PDF (720 KB) - Spotlight on IL-22-producing NK cell receptor–expressing mucosal lymphocytes
See also: Article by Cupedo et al. | Article by Luci et al. | Article by Sanos et al.
From immunity to tolerance through HDAC - pp13 - 14
Katia Georgopoulos
doi:10.1038/ni0109-13
Regulation of expression of the gene encoding interleukin 10 by the histone deacetylase HDAC11 emphasizes the ability of an antigen-presenting cell to induce immunity or tolerance in CD4+ T cells.
Full Text - From immunity to tolerance through HDAC | PDF (328 KB) - From immunity to tolerance through HDAC
See also: Article by Villagra et al.
Rules to 'prime' by - pp14 - 16
Paul G Thomas & Peter C Doherty
doi:10.1038/ni0109-14
A systems biology approach provides correlates of successful vaccination, which allows a new method for measuring early vaccine efficiency and suggests hypotheses for the mechanisms that underlie immunogenicity.
Full Text - Rules to 'prime' by | PDF (244 KB) - Rules to 'prime' by
See also: Resources by Querec et al.
A new function for the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 - pp16 - 18
Hisashi Iizasa & Kazuko Nishikura
doi:10.1038/ni0109-16
ADAR1 catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA. This RNA-editing enzyme is now shown to be involved in hematopoiesis, where it acts to suppress interferon signaling and to block premature apoptosis.
Full Text - A new function for the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 | PDF (436 KB) - A new function for the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1
See also: Article by Hartner et al.
Research Highlights - p19
doi:10.1038/ni0109-19
Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (121 KB) - Research Highlights
Review
Calcium signaling in immune cells - pp21 - 27
Monika Vig & Jean-Pierre Kinet
doi:10.1038/ni.f.220
Abstract - | Full Text - Calcium signaling in immune cells | PDF (487 KB) - Calcium signaling in immune cells
Articles
Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection - pp29 - 37
Shawn D Blackburn, Haina Shin, W Nicholas Haining, Tao Zou, Creg J Workman, Antonio Polley, Michael R Betts, Gordon J Freeman, Dario A A Vignali & E John Wherry
doi:10.1038/ni.1679
Chronic infection can lead to T cell exhaustion. Wherry and colleagues demonstrate that a hierarchy of inhibitory receptors coregulate CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection.
Abstract - | Full Text - Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection | PDF (2,639 KB) - Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection | Supplementary information
Proteolysis of NF-
B1 p105 is essential for T cell antigen receptor–induced proliferation - pp38 - 47
Srividya Sriskantharajah, Monica P Belich, Stamatia Papoutsopoulou, Julia Janzen, Victor Tybulewicz, Benedict Seddon & Steven C Ley
doi:10.1038/ni.1685
The functional importance of TCR-induced degradation of p105 NF-
B is unclear. Ley and colleagues now show it is required for regulatory and memory T cell differentiation and for mature T cell function.
Abstract - | Full Text - Proteolysis of NF-B1 p105 is essential for T cell antigen receptor–induced proliferation | PDF (860 KB) - Proteolysis of NF-B1 p105 is essential for T cell antigen receptor–induced proliferation | Supplementary information
The surface protein TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells - pp48 - 57
Xin Yu, Kristin Harden, Lino C Gonzalez, Michelle Francesco, Eugene Chiang, Bryan Irving, Irene Tom, Sinisa Ivelja, Canio J Refino, Hilary Clark, Dan Eaton & Jane L Grogan
doi:10.1038/ni.1674
Dendritic cells (DCs) can promote or inhibit T cell responses. Grogan and colleagues show that the T cell protein TIGIT, by engaging poliovirus receptor on DCs, promotes DC interleukin 10 production, which inhibits T cell activation.
Abstract - | Full Text - The surface protein TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells | PDF (971 KB) - The surface protein TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells | Supplementary information
Cortical sinus probing, S1P1-dependent entry and flow-based capture of egressing T cells - pp58 - 65
Irina L Grigorova, Susan R Schwab, Tri Giang Phan, Trung H M Pham, Takaharu Okada & Jason G Cyster
doi:10.1038/ni.1682
Lymphocytes exit lymph nodes and return to the bloodstream through the efferent lymphatics. Cyster and colleagues show that lymphocytes exit into cortical sinuses by a pathway dependent on sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1.
Abstract - | Full Text - Cortical sinus probing, S1P1-dependent entry and flow-based capture of egressing T cells | PDF (830 KB) - Cortical sinus probing, S1P1-dependent entry and flow-based capture of egressing T cells | Supplementary information
Human fetal lymphoid tissue–inducer cells are interleukin 17–producing precursors to RORC+ CD127+ natural killer–like cells - pp66 - 74
Tom Cupedo, Natasha K Crellin, Natalie Papazian, Elwin J Rombouts, Kees Weijer, Jane L Grogan, Willem E Fibbe, Jan J Cornelissen & Hergen Spits
doi:10.1038/ni.1668
Mouse lymphoid tissue–inducer (LTi) cells require the transcription factor RORt. Cupedo's group identifies RORt+ human LTi cell equivalents as committed natural killer cell precursors, and teams led by Vivier and Diefenbach describe RORt-expressing interleukin 22–producing natural killer cells in mouse gut.
Abstract - | Full Text - Human fetal lymphoid tissue–inducer cells are interleukin 17–producing precursors to RORC+ CD127+ natural killer–like cells | PDF (872 KB) - Human fetal lymphoid tissue–inducer cells are interleukin 17–producing precursors to RORC+ CD127+ natural killer–like cells | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Malmberg & Ljunggren | Article by Luci et al. | Article by Sanos et al.
Influence of the transcription factor ROR
t on the development of NKp46+ cell populations in gut and skin - pp75 - 82
Carmelo Luci, Ana Reynders, Ivaylo I Ivanov, Celine Cognet, Laurent Chiche, Lionel Chasson, Jean Hardwigsen, Esperanza Anguiano, Jacques Banchereau, Damien Chaussabel, Marc Dalod, Dan R Littman, Eric Vivier & Elena Tomasello
doi:10.1038/ni.1681
Mouse lymphoid tissue–inducer (LTi) cells require the transcription factor RORt. Cupedo's group identifies RORt+ human LTi cell equivalents as committed natural killer cell precursors, and teams led by Vivier and Diefenbach describe RORt-expressing interleukin 22–producing natural killer cells in mouse gut.
Abstract - | Full Text - Influence of the transcription factor RORt on the development of NKp46+ cell populations in gut and skin | PDF (877 KB) - Influence of the transcription factor RORt on the development of NKp46+ cell populations in gut and skin | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Malmberg & Ljunggren | Article by Cupedo et al. | Article by Sanos et al.
RORt and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22–producing NKp46+ cells - pp83 - 91
Stephanie L Sanos, Viet L Bui, Arthur Mortha, Karin Oberle, Charlotte Heners, Caroline Johner & Andreas Diefenbach
doi:10.1038/ni.1684
Mouse lymphoid tissue–inducer (LTi) cells require the transcription factor RORt. Cupedo's group identifies RORt+ human LTi cell equivalents as committed natural killer cell precursors, and teams led by Vivier and Diefenbach describe RORt-expressing interleukin 22–producing natural killer cells in mouse gut.
Abstract - | Full Text - RORt and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22–producing NKp46+ cells | PDF (808 KB) - RORt and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22–producing NKp46+ cells | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Malmberg & Ljunggren | Article by Cupedo et al. | Article by Luci et al.
The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance - pp92 - 100
Alejandro Villagra, Fengdong Cheng, Hong-Wei Wang, Ildelfonso Suarez, Michelle Glozak, Michelle Maurin, Danny Nguyen, Kenneth L Wright, Peter W Atadja, Kapil Bhalla, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Edward Seto & Eduardo M Sotomayor
doi:10.1038/ni.1673
Interleukin 10 dampens inflammation and prevents excessive tissue damage during immune responses. Sotomayor and colleagues show that the histone deacetylase HDAC11 negatively regulates expression of the gene encoding interleukin 10 and immune tolerance.
Abstract - | Full Text - The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance | PDF (729 KB) - The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Georgopoulos
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines and supports their promigratory activity - pp101 - 108
Monika Pruenster, Liesbeth Mudde, Paula Bombosi, Svetla Dimitrova, Marion Zsak, Jim Middleton, Ann Richmond, Gerard J Graham, Stephan Segerer, Robert J B Nibbs & Antal Rot
doi:10.1038/ni.1675
Nonsignaling chemokine receptors are thought to function as chemokine 'decoys'. Rot and colleagues now show that the nonsignaling chemokine receptor DARC functions to unidirectionally transport inflammatory chemokines toward apical endothelial surfaces.
Abstract - | Full Text - The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines and supports their promigratory activity | PDF (602 KB) - The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines and supports their promigratory activity | Supplementary information
ADAR1 is essential for the maintenance of hematopoiesis and suppression of interferon signaling - pp109 - 115
Jochen C Hartner, Carl R Walkley, Jun Lu & Stuart H Orkin
doi:10.1038/ni.1680
ADAR1 is an adenosine deaminase that acts on double-stranded RNA. Orkin and colleagues show that ADAR1 protects hematopoietic stem cells from interferon-induced insult and is needed to maintain long-term hematopoiesis.
Abstract - | Full Text - ADAR1 is essential for the maintenance of hematopoiesis and suppression of interferon signaling | PDF (670 KB) - ADAR1 is essential for the maintenance of hematopoiesis and suppression of interferon signaling | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Iizasa & Nishikura
Resources
Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans - pp116 - 125
Troy D Querec, Rama S Akondy, Eva K Lee, Weiping Cao, Helder I Nakaya, Dirk Teuwen, Ali Pirani, Kim Gernert, Jiusheng Deng, Bruz Marzolf, Kathleen Kennedy, Haiyan Wu, Soumaya Bennouna, Herold Oluoch, Joseph Miller, Ricardo Z Vencio, Mark Mulligan, Alan Aderem, Rafi Ahmed & Bali Pulendran
doi:10.1038/ni.1688
A major challenge for vaccinologists is to understand vaccine immunogenicity. Pulendran and colleagues use systems biology to determine gene 'signatures' that predict CD8+ T cell and antibody responses to the yellow fever vaccine.
Abstract - | Full Text - Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans | PDF (971 KB) - Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Thomas & Doherty
