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Cytokines have context-dependent roles that dictate their normal physiological function; however, dysregulation or chronic activation of cytokine pathways can alter tissue balance away from a return to homeostatic quiescence toward disease-associated immunopathology.
Specificity and function are the two main aspects that define T cell biology. A new report provides a technology that allows simultaneous assessment of both at the single-cell level.
The cytokine IL-7 plays essential roles in lymphocyte development. In their Review, Barata, Durum and Seddon describe IL-7’s key homeostatic functions and how its dysregulation can lead to autoinflammatory disease and cancer.
Ziegler and Corren review the cytokine TSLP, which regulates immune cell homeostasis at mucosal barriers, its role in allergic responses and newly discovered roles in cancer.
Internationally renowned scientists gathered at the 2nd Human & Translational Immunology Conference in Kos, Greece, to discuss the latest advances in translational immunology, especially vaccinology, infectious diseases and tumor immunotherapy.
Ivashkiv and colleagues review the mechanisms by which IFN signatures and IFN epigenomic signatures are generated, as well as the functional consequences of these signatures in homeostasis and autoimmune diseases.
Xiaoxia Li and colleagues discuss the roles of signaling via IL-17 and its receptor and the implications of this axis for human health, noting their normal protective roles directed against fungi and bacteria as well as against pathological conditions in inflammation and cancer.
Current high-throughput 3′ single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques are limited in their ability to elucidate the variable sequences of antigen receptors. Love and colleagues describe a strategy that enables simultaneous analysis of TCR sequences and the corresponding full transcriptomes from 3′-barcoded scRNA-seq samples.
Cao and colleagues found that the microRNA miR-1 promotes IFN-γ-mediated clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages by stabilizing the Stat1 mRNA through the degradation of the cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA Sros1.
Osteoclasts are a monocytoid cell with unique bone-remodeling capability. Ishii and colleagues demonstrate that the transcription factor FoxM1 is important for the differentiation of osteoclasts associated with pathological remodeling of the rheumatoid joint.
Savan and colleagues show that distinct isoforms of the RNA-binding protein ZAP function as an antiviral restriction factor or as an interferon-resolution factor, based on differences in their intracellular localization.