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Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are projected to expand significantly, increasing in area by approximately 50% by 2100 under a low emissions scenario. This expansion will reshape the hydrological connectivity of the lake basins, and submerge a large number of roads, settlements, and ecological components.
Model projections suggest that, even under a low-emissions scenario, lakes on the Tibetan Plateau will increase in area by about 50% by 2100, with widespread impacts on infrastructure and ecosystems.
Explosive volcanic eruptions of Kīlauea in Hawaii can be explained by sudden subsidence of reservoir roof rock causing gas and lithic debris venting by a mechanism similar to that of a stomp rocket, according to seismic inversions for reservoir pressure changes.
The field remains an unsafe and isolating workplace for many. We present resources to empower and guide researchers towards safer, more inclusive, and more equitable fieldwork practice.
The Arctic has warmed almost four times faster than the global average over the past four decades. This fourfold rate of warming is an extraordinary manifestation of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change.
External climate forcing has consistently amplified Arctic warming by a factor of three over the last 50 years, but natural variability has induced substantial fluctuations, according to a comparison of observations and model simulations.
Coastal seaweed transported to the open ocean contributes up to 3–4% of the particulate organic carbon sinking into the deeper ocean, according to combined ecological and biogeochemical modelling.
Nutrient limitation of marine primary producers will change in complex ways as anthropogenic warming continues, altering global biogeochemical cycles, according to a synthesis of recent studies.
Estuaries are increasingly threatened not only by rising sea levels but also by human interventions which cause changes in sediment supply. Remote sensing data analysis shows that estuarine intertidal area development is associated with minimum turbidity levels, where areas with larger tidal ranges require higher turbidity for their maintenance.
The resilience of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal drought is linked to terrestrial potassium and phosphorus availability, according to a nutrient addition experiment in a moist forest in Uganda.
Hydrous minerals within the Earth affect volatile cycling and mantle geodynamics. Jun Tsuchiya explains how stable phases of these minerals are being uncovered at increasingly high pressures.
Water in the mantle transition zone beneath Northeast Asia is sourced from the Earth’s surface and introduced by the subducted Pacific slab, according to a study of potassium isotopes from Cenozoic volcanics.
Isotopically depleted organic matter reported in ancient sediments on Mars could have been synthesized from CO produced due to photolysis of CO2 in the early Martian atmosphere.
The causes of symmetrical changes in climate between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are poorly understood. A geological reconstruction of Patagonian glacial extent reveals that changes in Pacific-wide atmospheric circulation (linked to variations in Earth’s orbit and teleconnections between hemispheres) may have led to nearly synchronous global ice sheet evolution.
Patagonian ice sheet changes largely mirrored those of the Northern Hemisphere over the last glacial cycle owing to displacements of the southern westerly winds, according to beryllium isotope constraints.
Maintenance of estuarine tidal flats requires a minimum turbidity level that increases with tidal range, according to a global analysis of tidal-flat changes from satellite imagery.
Hydrothermal flow pathways and extent of alteration within serpentinized peridotite in Mid-Atlantic Ridge oceanic core complexes are modulated by mafic intrusions, according to full waveform inversion of seismic data and local earthquake tomography.