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The most widely used density functional approximations for heterogenous catalysis has limited accuracy. Here, the authors propose a hybrid scheme to accurately describe Cu surface for CO2 electroreduction, facilitating the rational design of catalysts.
Allogeneic iPSC-derived cartilage organoids survive and integrate with surrounding native cartilage without immune reactions in a primate model of chondral defects in the knee joints, being remodeled and functioning as articular cartilage.
Mechanisms underlying sleep dysfunctions in neurodevelopmental disorders remain elusive. Here, authors use a fly model for the CYFIP haploinsufficiency to show that increased SREBP activity impairs the NADP+/NADPH homeostasis inducing sleep deficits.
A distinct dependence of the superconducting transition temperature on carrier density for electron gases formed at KTaO3 interfaces is reported. In addition, these interfaces are shown to play a role in mediating superconductivity in this system. The crystallographic orientation and carrier density dependent superconductivity at KTaO3 interfaces can be explained by Cooper pairing via inter-orbital interactions and quantum confinement.
Most single-use face masks are made of synthetic plastics, thus their disposal poses a direct threat to wildlife as well as potential ecotoxicological effects in the form of microplastics. Here, the authors introduce a 1D magnetic photoactive microswarm capable of actively navigating, adhering to, and accelerating the degradation of the polypropylene microfiber of single-use face masks.
A mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting and open-circuit voltage is detrimental to wide bandgap perovskite pin solar cells. Here, through theoretical and experimental approaches, the authors optimize n- and p-type interfaces to achieve open-circuit voltage of 1.29 V and T80 of 3500 h at 85 °C.
Ziveri et al find calcifying phytoplankton dominate pelagic CaCO3 production, but a large portion of this CaCO3 dissolves in the photic zone - they suggest the processes driving shallow CaCO3 dissolution are key to understanding the role of planktonic calcifiers in regulating atmospheric CO2.
There is growing interest in controlling and manipulating molecules using external field. Here the authors demonstrate microwave induced transient enantiomeric excess in a state-selective benzyl alcohol using microwave six-wave mixing.
To protect from host attack, numerous jumbo bacteriophages establish a micron-scale, protein-based structure to enclose their replicating DNA. Using cryoEM, the authors show that the 2D crystal enclosing this so-called phage nucleus is an assembly of tetramers linked by flexible loops and tails.
Macrophages have been shown to have an important function in atherosclerosis. Here the authors show that, in human atherosclerotic plaques and mouse models, GSDME and pyroptosis promote atherosclerosis and inhibition of these pathways could reduce pathology associated with atherosclerotic disease.
There is a growing interest in the role of timing of physical activity (PA) in improving health. Here, using a large-scale cohort study, the authors show that moderate-to-vigorous PA at the optimal time of day robustly predicts lower mortality risk and may maximize the beneficial effect of PA.
Gap junction intercellular channels (GJIChs) facilitate direct communication between adjacent cells. Here, authors provide high-resolution information on dynamic structural changes in Cx43 GJICh that are necessary to understand the gating mechanism.
The failure of metabolic tissues to respond to insulin is an early marker of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors show, using global phosphoproteomics, that insulin resistance is caused by a marked rewiring of both canonical and non-canonical insulin signalling, and includes dysregulated GSK3 activity.
This study found that a prebiotic intervention was well-tolerated and safe, beneficially changed the microbiome, decreased inflammation and a marker of neurodegeneration, with possible clinical effects in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. This study offers the rationale for further investigations using prebiotic fibers in PD.
State-of-the-art electrolytes limit the cycle life of halide-ion batteries. Here, the authors report a fluorinated low-polar gel polymer electrolyte capable of improving the stability of the electrolyte and electrode interphases to boost battery performance.
Twin-field QKD should allow secure quantum communication with favourable rate-loss scaling, but requires interferometric implementations which are often impractical for long distances. Here, the authors show how to realise it without the need for closed interferometers.
RNA-guided, CRISPR-associated transposons hold great promise for precision genome editing. Here, the authors provide genetic, biochemical and structural data how their activity is regulated in situ by CvkR, an unusual MerR family regulator.
Polaron formation is considered to play a crucial role to enhance photoelectric performance of hybrid halide perovskites. Here, the authors report the real-time observation of polaron formation process by terahertz emission spectroscopy and reveal two different polaron modes in FAPbI3 films.
Esophageal cancers feature distinct manifestations between and within patients which complicate precision diagnosis, prognosis, and patient care. New genomic and epigenomic research uncovers novel mechanisms underlying both inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in esophageal cancer, with significant biological and translational implications.
In the quest to understand how deep neural networks work, identification of slow and fast variables is a desirable step. Inspired by tools from theoretical physics, the authors propose a simplified description of finite deep neural networks based on two matrix variables per layer and provide analytic predictions for feature learning effects.