Original Article
International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 1535–1544. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803309; published online 21 March 2006
Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women
J D Krebs1, L M Browning1, N K McLean2, J L Rothwell1, G D Mishra1, C S Moore1 and S A Jebb1
- 1MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- 2Department of Dietetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
Correspondence: Dr LM Browning, Nutrition and Health Group, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. E-mail: Lucy.Browning@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk
Received 10 June 2005; Revised 17 January 2006; Accepted 19 January 2006; Published online 21 March 2006.
Abstract
Background:
Obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are inter-related. Both weight-loss and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are independently known to reduce metabolic risk, but the combined effects are unclear.
Objective:
This study examines whether addition of LC n-3 PUFA to a low fat/high carbohydrate weight-loss programme results in greater improvements in inflammation, insulin sensitivity and CVD risk, than weight-loss alone.
Design:
One hundred and sixteen overweight insulin-resistant women entered a 24-week randomised intervention study. Thirty-nine women were randomised to a weight-loss programme, with LC n-3 PUFA (WLFO), 38 to a weight-loss programme with placebo oil (WLPO), and 39 to receive placebo oil, with no weight-loss programme (control).
Results:
Ninety-three women completed the study (35 WLFO, 32 WLPO and 26 control), with significant weight-loss in WLFO (10.8
1.0%) and WLPO (12.41.0%) compared to the control group (P<0.0001). The WLFO, but not WLPO or control group, showed significant increases in adipose tissue LC n-3 PUFA (0.340.20 vs 0.170.10 and 0.160.10 %DHA, P<0.0001). Weight-loss showed significant improvements in insulin sensitivity (P<0.001), lipid profile (triglycerides P<0.05) and inflammation (sialic acid P<0.05). Time
group effects showed significant decreases in triglycerides (P<0.05) and increases in adiponectin (P<0.01) with LC n-3 PUFA, in the WLFO vs WLPO groups.
Conclusions:
Weight-loss improved risk factors associated with CVD, with some additional benefits of LC n-3 PUFA on triglycerides and adiponectin. Given the current low dietary intake of LC n-3 PUFA, greater attention should be given to increase these fatty acids in the treatment of obesity.
Keywords:
adiponectin, weight-loss, insulin sensitivity, fish oil, n-3 PUFA
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