Abstract
Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for secure information processing and communications, and hyperentanglement or high-dimensional entanglement has been separately proposed for its high data capacity and error resilience. The continuous-variable nature of the energy–time entanglement makes it an ideal candidate for efficient high-dimensional coding with minimal limitations. Here, we demonstrate the first simultaneous high-dimensional hyperentanglement using a biphoton frequency comb to harness the full potential in both the energy and time domain. Long-postulated Hong–Ou–Mandel quantum revival is exhibited, with up to 19 time-bins and 96.5% visibilities. We further witness the high-dimensional energy–time entanglement through Franson revivals, observed periodically at integer time-bins, with 97.8% visibility. This qudit state is observed to simultaneously violate the generalized Bell inequality by up to 10.95 standard deviations while observing recurrent Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt S-parameters up to 2.76. Our biphoton frequency comb provides a platform for photon-efficient quantum communications towards the ultimate channel capacity through energy–time–polarization high-dimensional encoding.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank T. Pittman, J. Franson and D. Fields for assistance, and A. Kumar Vinod, Y. Li, J. Poekert, M. Itzler, P. Li, D.R. Englund and X. Hu for discussions. This work is supported by the InPho programme of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. W911NF-10-1-0416. Y.X.G. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (grant no. 11474050).
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Z.X., T.Z., S.S., X.X. and J.L. performed the measurements. J.C.B. and A.R. developed the 1.3 GHz detectors. T.Z., Y.X.G., F.N.C.W. and J.H.S. provided the theory and samples. All authors helped with manuscript preparation.
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Xie, Z., Zhong, T., Shrestha, S. et al. Harnessing high-dimensional hyperentanglement through a biphoton frequency comb. Nature Photon 9, 536–542 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.110
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.110
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